There Were Three Interviews That Took Place. One Of Them

There were three interviews that took place. One of them came from a director Jenny St. Jean of Peace Methodist Preschool she has been a director for the last six years and prior to that, she taught preschool for three years. Another person that was interviewed is Jennifer Thompson a CRT from Renaissance Charter School. She had been a CRT for the last three years; prior to that, she was a preschool and elementary school teacher. The last interview came from a preschool teacher Jamie from the Peace Methodist School. This is her first year teaching, but prior to that, she was an assistant teacher for eight years. Children face so many different issues now days. Some come from either a family from divorce parents, have been or are abuse,†¦show more content†¦Mrs. St. Jean responded, â€Å"The teachers try their best to make sure those students who don’t speak English feel included in the classroom.†Ã¢â‚¬  Sometimes, it helps to relay information through a parent who does speak English, so they can help their child.† â€Å"The teachers also alter the lesson in a way that is best for a child with special needs. They try to be as accommodating as possible for that child. We also refer them to the Early Intervention screening available in their county, in order to see if they might be eligible to receive services to help them. Many parents are unaware of the services available.† What implications these barriers or supports have for early childhood trends? Mrs. St. Jean was not sure how to answer the question, so her response was: â€Å"We have kept our program focused on learning the basics needed to be successful in kindergarten. Those basics really don’t change.† â€Å"We try to assist students who have special needs or are English language learners, as we would assist t all students toShow MoreRelatedEssay On Data Collection860 Words   |  4 PagesMethods of Data Collection Data were collected through an ethnographic study using participant observation and personal interviews as data collection methods. An ethnography means to learn from people, rather than studying people (Glesne, 2011). This was taken into consideration as I stood in as an active participant twice a week for one and a half months. During this time, I assisted in feeding calves during the morning shift. I worked with all four employees during this time. As a participantRead MoreThe Implementation Of Organizational Strategies1001 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizational strategies, that the students in a special education setting would gain independence, such as starting and finishing assignments independently, turning assignments in on time, and aware of upcoming assessments in order to better prepare them for life after high school. At the start of the school year, I had the students in my social skills course take a survey to get an idea of their opinion on organization and how they cu rrently stay organized. I implemented a daily organizational checkRead MoreEssay1168 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment of ideas DeWitt and Osborne (2010) conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of science centre exhibits and examine how visitors engage with them, so recommendations for amendments and enhancements could be made to enhance visitor (experiences). No explicit research questions were provided, but the researchers mentioned that the questions examined focussed on students’ interactions with the exhibits, their cognitive response and their use of scientific concepts and knowledge whenRead MoreCommunity Service At The Library863 Words   |  4 Pageslibrary. I took picture of the sign, and when I got home I sent the library an email saying that I want to be part of the volunteering program this summer which they replied to me and ask me to schedule an interview. The interview took place two days consecutive, and there was a lot of teen that wanted to be part of the summer volunteering. When I got to the interview, there was three other that also schedule an interview the same time wit h me since they usually hold up four people for an interview. TheyRead MoreEducating Parents Will Influence Their Views About Barbie1318 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, I do not expect that to be the actual outcome. Sample The three participants were approached and recruited from California State University. The Hispanic and Black (looks Hispanic) male participant was labeled as MP1. This was the only male participant and he reported his age range to be 26-30 years old. Furthermore, he stated that he was currently married and is a primary caretaker for his three children (two girls and one boy), that are all under the age of 10 years old. The African AmericanRead MoreMotherhood: Addicted Mothers965 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the participant`s life-world, a qualitative methodology is the best approach (Kvale, 2002). Data were collected using individual semi-structured in-depth interviews, in order to produce thick descriptions. A thick description is one that explains a human behavior in its context, so that the behavior becomes meaningful, also from an outsiders’ point of view. The interviews were divided into three main sections, consisting of descriptions of everyday life here and now with small children, growingRead MoreMy First Episode Of Izombie Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pagestime to get ready. I went to go get my clothes, it was a button up shirt with slacks and dress shoes. I got all the paper work I thought would be important to take and I took a pen to look more interested and prepared. I started walking to the bus which came at twelve twenty in the afternoon. I got on and took 20 minutes to the place. Before that I was on the phone listening to music and making sure I had everything done in some of my college classes. I was also thinking about my future how wouldRead MoreTransportation Difficulties Faced by IPC Students Living on Campus994 Words   |  4 Pagescarried out by interviewing three students who are currently enrolled in IPC. The semi-structured interview was done according to the interview guide (see Appendix 1) and to ensure confidentiality, it took place in IPC library research room with no other people present. The participants are two Vietnamese students and one Japanese student who are currently studying in Bachelor of International Studies programme. One is male and the other two are females. These students were interviewed because of theirRead MoreMethodology And Methods Of Public Open Space Management1511 Words   |  7 Pagesmethod for the research. Through a review on previous literature, the context of public open space management and different dimensions of place-keeping will be established as essential evidence on the data analysis and recommendation part of the following chapter. In addition, this research follows a case study approach as the main research method, whereby three community gardens in London is used to find out whether the long-term management process is happening or not, and how it is operated. 2Read MoreAnalyse your contribution to the selection process for the position of Classroom Assistant1418 Words   |  6 PagesIn this assignment I will analyse the contribution of the interview and selection process that leads to the position of Classroom Assistant. I took part both as an interviewee and observer therefore I am able to compare how the different roles have contributed to the process. Before being selected through for the position, there are three stages that each applicant must face: the pre-interview, the interview itself and the post-interview. Each of these stages plays their part in allowing the employer

Psychosexual Development and Human Sexuality - 1546 Words

Throughout the history of the human race, and even more so today, our own sexuality has become topic for hot debate. Questions of why people prefer on gender over the other, or why some people take pleasure in activities others consider strange. To understand how and why people display certain sexual tendencies it is important to look at how they developed and the type of history a person has. Despite popular belief, not all gay men have been sexually abused as children. Two key players in understanding psychosexual development and human sexuality are Freud and Alfred Kinsey. To begin understanding what shapes us as people we must look at Sigmund Freuds theory of psychosexual development. Although the name would imply that this†¦show more content†¦During the Latency stage no new developments will occur. Instead energy will be focused on developing interpersonal relationships such as making friends and developing their communication skills. The Genital stage begins when puberty starts. This stage is vital and an ongoing process. During the Genital stage a persons focus will once again shift to genital area as the focal erogenous zone. This stage lasts and develops over the course of the major part of our lifetime. The latter theory was of course developed by Sigmund Freud. He spent many years studying psychosexual and social behaviors and is considered one of the leading researchers in the area. While Freud is important in understanding behaviors he did not fully search out the scope of human sexuality in the way which Alfred Kinsey did. Kinsey began his career as an entomologist, biologist, and zoologist. After examining the sexual behaviors of wasps he began to wonder how broad the scope of human sexuality really was. For as long as there have been established societies there has been some form of sexual expression. From paintings to simple drawings on cave walls people have always visually represented there sexual behaviors. In Ancient Egypt sex was a vital part of society and culture and was deeply imbedded in their beliefs and art. One story of creation states that Chaos, the god of creation, masturbated and from his ejaculate all other gods were created. In the temple ofShow MoreRelatedA Metaphor from Freud’s Psychosexual Stages682 Words   |  3 PagesThere are many aspects of life that are confusing and difficult to understand. In a human being’s life, a metaphor can bring a topic or idea into a new light and make it more understandable. In this particular article, the author is using Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages as a metaphor for a counselor’s development with their clients. The five psychosexual stages are first outlined from the generic standp oint of Freud’s theories. The article then continues to directly compare each stageRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1356 Words   |  6 Pagesdrive in humans to seek pleasure, which he called the libido. He argued that the human personality can be divided into three different parts which are the id, the ego and the superego. Freud established new methods to better understand the psychosexual development. He proposed that psychological development in childhood takes place in a series of five fixed stages, which include oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latent stage and genital state. Sigmund Freud Psychosexual Development ResearchRead MoreThe Feminist Thought Is Old Enough1412 Words   |  6 Pagescauses and consequences of women’s oppression. Freud’s theories about psychosexual development interrupted his late-nineteenth-century Viennese contemporaries not so much because he addressed traditionally taboo topics, but because he theorized that all sexual â€Å"aberrations,† â€Å"variations,† and â€Å"perversions† are simply stages in the development of normal human sexuality. According to Freud, children go through distinct psychosexual developmental stages, and their gender identity as adults is the resultRead MoreSexual Behavior of Teens and Young Adults in Kososvo857 Words   |  4 Pagesintercourse? Technically speaking there would be no human life in the first place without sex. The famous psychiatrist Sigmund Freud declared sexual intercourse as one of the necessities in life after eating and drinking. As a predispositi on from our process of human evolution it isnt so much of a surprise that we get a lot of pleasure out of sexual intercourse, pleasure which can be intensified, due greatly to the biological chemistry that takes place in the human body. Depending on the individual, sexualRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Sexuality956 Words   |  4 PagesOne of His most significant outlooks and study was in the sexology field. Sexology had already been constituted as a separate form of enquiry some time before the appearance of Freud’s most important contribution, The three essays on the theory of sexuality (1905) and many of the terms that we tend to identify with Freud, such as libido, component instincts, erotogenic zones, catharsis, autoerotism and narcissism were already in circulation. (Akroterion. 58, 79-96, Dec. 2013) Some have argued that FreudRead MoreSigmund Freud: A Very Brief Biography1582 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential figures in modern psychology. He is best known as the father of psychoanalysis. He developed several important theories of personality, including the theories of mind, the id, the ego, and the superego, life and death instincts, psychosexual development, and defense mechanisms. He also published many books that helped shape psychology into what it is today. EARLY LIFE Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born in Moravia, Czech Republic on May 6, 1856, to Jakob and Amalia Freud. His parents quicklyRead MoreThe Controversy Of The Red Scare Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesThis implemented an executive order of a loyalty program in the government, in which the State Department attempted to partake in. The State Department began to fire homosexual employees, even though Truman’s executive order did not refer to one’s sexuality. Moreover, Joseph Mccarthy’s claim of Communists in the State Department gained mass attention, leading to the State Department’s complete attention and enforcement of removing homosexuals from the department. Homosexuals began to become continuouslyRead More The Three Elements of Personality by Sigmund Freud777 Words   |  4 Pagesour behavior is driven by sexual and destructive feelings. Freud mentions in his psychoanalytical theory of personality there are five stages of psychosexual stages structure of personality. However, the three main elements of a personality are id, ego and superego, which come together to generate intricate human behavior. The three essential parts of human psyche are listed below. The three elements of personality The first feature, the id, feature of personality is the most common and everlastingRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Human Sexuality1641 Words   |  7 PagesDeLamater, 2014). There has been a number of debates on whether or not the nature of human sexuality can be developed through genetics, imitated through socialization, influenced by unconscious decisions or if it can be altered after childhood. There are a variety of theories that have been created to help understand the uncertainty of how human sexuality is developed. Uncovering the influence of neuroscience on sexuality and evaluating the appropriateness of Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, AlbertRead MorePsychodynamic Psychotherapy And Person Centered Psychology Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern psychotherapy. Freud believed human behavior was motivated by â€Å"intrapsychic conflict† stemming from the three areas of the subconscious: id, ego, and superego (Murdock, 2009). Freud’s psychoanalytic approach to therapy had more of a negative view of human nature that Carl Rogers’ view. Freud thought human dysfunction developed as a result of poor genetic make-up, as well as deficits (fixations) caused by missed psychosexual developmental stages. In short, human conflict came about as a result

Algorithm Social Issues

Questions: 1. Summarise your selected social issue to provide context to your colleagues. 2. Explain the implications, as you see them, of your selected social issue. 3. Identify algorithm and computing technologies associated with your selected social issue. 4. Explain why or why not people should be concerned about the implications of your selected social issue. 5. Fully state and justify any choices, assumptions or claims that you make using the suggested resources for this week and/or your own research? Answers: 1. Summarized social issues Design of algorithm for performing an illegal act is one of the most popular social issues from the point of view of computer technology. Design of algorithm for performing illegal act has developed the negative connotation rather than the positive one on the social impact. Design of algorithm for an illegal act is specially design for performing illegal operation in the society such as hacking, stealing of information from other computer. In the environment of computer technology, this is called hacking that is illegal act (Al-Ammal, 2014). Design of algorithm for performing illegal act has more confusing from the point of view of ethical manner. 2. Explanation of implication of selected social issue (hacking) The social issue that selected for this particular study has several affect on the society. The design of algorithm for an illegal act especially performs for hacking customer information as well as business data from clients computer. It is also used for accessing information of credit as well as debit card details through an illegal way. For online banking, password can be access through designing of illegal algorithm. Designing of algorithm for performing illegal act is allowed to access the information via email by putting viruses that sends by the hackers in the form of spam mail (Lua et al., 2015). 3. Algorithm and computing technology of hacking This algorithm helps in defeating the WPS through an intelligent brute. It forcedly attack to the static WPS PIN of the Wi-Fi password. This vulnerability helps in exposing the side channel attack for accessing Wi-Fi protection access. Pre-shared key is used that secured the network. Through guessing the PIN, user can access the internet connection from Wi-Fi protected Access. 4. Explanation of the reason of concerning implication of hacking People have to be concern about the hacking for their safety and security. The current trends of the hackers is phishing attack (Sicchio, 2014). Through this technology, hackers provides an web page that looks like a professional website but some key is different. Therefore, when the user is used this page and provide information according to the criteria, hacker can access information of the user (Musale, Austin and Stamp, 2014). Therefore, people have to be aware of this kind of hacking in terms of maintaining life safety and security. 5. Justification of selected social issues that assumed Recently the students of Cornell University got the mail in their individual e-mail boxes that they have to put information because the IT department of the university goes for changing the entire system. They received one link that has to be click and fill up the information according to requirements. The IT department of the University generated this mail. In real, it has been seen that, the account of students are attack through phishing bowl technology. This example provides proper justification that people have to be much careful and aware about the recent illegal act of the computer technology. Reference LIst Al-Ammal, H. (2014). A Hacking Case Study: Detection, Communication, and Code.JACN, 2(1), pp.18-23. Lua, A., Colea, A., Lukcs, S. and Lua, D. (2015). U-HIPE: hypervisor-based protection of user-mode processes in Windows.Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques. Musale, M., Austin, T. and Stamp, M. (2014). Hunting for metamorphic JavaScript malware.Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques. Sicchio, K. (2014). Hacking Choreography: Dance and Live Coding.Computer Music Journal, 38(1), pp.31-39.

Program Planning and Evaluation

Table of Contents Introduction Program Description Needs Assessment and Rationale Program Goals and Objectives Program Implementation Program Evaluation References Introduction Program planning is an indispensable responsibility of field workers. Program planners not only plan but also implement, monitor and evaluate the impact of their programs.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Program Planning and Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Waterston, (1965), program development is viewed as an ongoing process that consist of a study of the situation, thinking about long range and immediate objectives and choosing learning experiences that would be constructive as far as the target audience is concerned. On his part, Kettner, Moroney and Martin (2008) viewed program planning as the process of constructing various actions to shed light to community development. Blair (1998) does not divert fro m the views of Kettner, Moroney and Martin since he defines program planning as a set or a number of related events that portray some needed actions aimed at achieving certain objectives over a specified time. In his view, objectives show what are to be attained. The same objectives can be revised as new knowledge is generated. Knepper (2010)argues that there are a number of factors that must be considered when designing a program. Firstly, the planner must work with the lay advisory committee. Again, the program planner should explore and describe the general situation of communities being planned for. Other factors include identification of problem areas and their prioritization, stating of objectives, preparation of a program document including work plans and finally monitoring and evaluation of the program. From the above information, it is evident that a good program requires careful planning whereby the planner should set goals and objectives, evaluate the effectiveness of the program, implement its tenets and monitor the implementation process. Program planning is not an easy task hence it is imperative for a project planner to come up with various techniques that would help him or her counter the challenges associated with implementation. In this paper, the planner would wish to introduce an online help center where clients could acquire information pertaining to community services.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Program Description With the emerging technologies the world, Skype has turned out to be a new phenomenon in the cyber world. In fact, it is almost a necessity, just like the email address. In this proposal, the planner intends to use the tool in relaying information to the locals as regards to health, especially mental health. The planner would set up the Skype center so that people with mental problems can easily seek for advises . The service is very efficient since it permits the planner to communicate with the locals without any difficulty. It has an advantage over the local phones since it transmits both analog and digital information without any interruptions. For this reason, the planner will have to register an account with the service provider in order to make calls with other registered users. For this case, community members would be encouraged to open accounts with the service provider for easier communication (Glauser, 2011). The service has one more advantage, which is related to the cost. It is relatively cheap as compared to other means of communication. This would suit the wishes of the planner since this program suffers from funding. The terms of payment for Skype service is friendly to the user since an individual goes for the one that best suits him or her. Community members would be comfortable reporting their health problems without necessary using many resources. The transportation cost s would be reduces since the community members use money to seek advisory services regarding their health. However, the planner would need initial capital to put up structures that would house employees. Communication equipments would also be installed. Needs Assessment and Rationale There are two concepts that are central in the process of planning. These include planning and projects. In the preparatory phase of any project, the planner aspires to establish various stages that are critical in the project planning. Each stage has its own importance. Stage one entails a decision to adopt planning. The planner needs to establish this in advance before proceeding to fulfill any other task.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Program Planning and Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The subsequent stage is the organization for planning stage. This stage is only arrived at after the planner has adopted the pro gram. In the second stage, the planner would consider coming up with a program that would suit the demands of the audience, which is provision of information regarding health and mental awareness information. For this to happen, the planner establishes the work force and determines how much resources are available to accomplish the task. For the Skype program, the planner would need adequate resources for financing website formation and advertising the same site through the social media such as yahoo and twitter. The third stage in need assessment and rationale would be setting goals, objectives and targets. The performance of the program is measured in terms of its ability to achieve goals and objectives that are set for it. Goals are abstract and specify what planning should ideally achieve in the medium and long term. Based on the Skype program, goals would be both short-term and long-term. On the other side, objectives are more precise implying that they are operational statemen ts that represent specific steps necessary in attaining chosen goals. They are different from goals since they are specifically achieved in a shorter period. Progress toward their attainment can be measured and evaluated. Targets are least specific since they are clear statements about what should be achieved over a given time period. It should be noted that in advance that goals, objectives and targets change, especially in the medium to long-term. As implementation, monitoring and evaluation go on; they generate new lessons that help in changing these stages in the planning cycle. At the third stage, the planner needs to assess various variables that may affect project implementation. Each goal and objective should be rationalized, implying that a sensible reason should be given for its existence (Celotta, Sobol, 1983). The fourth assessment need entails data collection and analysis. This implies that in project planning and evaluation, collection and analysis of data is vital ow ing to the fact that planning is a decision-making process and decisions are made based on certain information.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the Skype program, the planner needs to establish how much information is available and how much is needed to kick-start the program. Conyers (1982) distinguishes data from information in project planning and evaluation. Data in this case refers to factual information to be collected from health respondents while information would refer to data that is useful in decision-making. Information is very important in project planning because of three main reasons. One is that it helps in showing development needs and problems. Again, the planner would identify and evaluate alternative courses of action as regards to health problems affecting the community. Finally, information provides feedback about the impact of those courses of actions during and after implementation. Since some data is required before any significant planning starts, data collection is one of the first steps in planning and implementation of the program. The type of data collected should show the relationship betwe en different factors in the planning and implementation process. This is because planning seeks to ensure changes in a given situation. For this case, the health conditions of people would be improved since adequate information would be provided. Furthermore, identifying the sorts of data needed and that are able to provide information required for planning is another key stage. The planner should assess the type and amount of data required in designing the program. In this community, many planning decisions are made without adequate information owing to high costs of data collection and scarce resources. Due to this problem, the planner should decide on the data required, analyze the same data and apply it in planning. Subsequently, a number of methods are used in data collection. Unlike agricultural planning that utilizes natural research surveys, this Skype program would use social surveys. This means that the researcher would aspire to conduct a detailed survey as regards to soc io-economic statuses of individuals in the community. Due to limited resources, the researcher would utilize sampling method where a small population is used to represent the views of the entire community (Hassan, Kamarudin, Ahmad, Baki, 2009). The fifth assessment task would be related to project appraisal, what is popularly termed as Ex-ante. In this section, it further elucidated that one task of the planner is to facilitate identification of alternative courses of action. This implies identification of various alternative ways of working toward the chosen project goal. Once the ways or means have been identified, they have to be appraised or assessed. This calls for identification of advantages of different courses of actions. Economists carry out the appraisal by calculating the financial costs and benefits of different options. The main technique used is cost-benefit analysis. Other appraises include environmental impact assessment (EIA) and social impact assessment (SIA). Th ese techniques would also be applied in assessing the effectiveness of the Skype program in providing relevant information to the community regarding health and mental fitness. Project appraisal aims at obtaining critical information that can be utilized by the decision maker to decide which course of action to embrace (Barreto, 2004). A term trade-offs id frequently used, which means choosing between different alternatives that is, arriving at a compromise where a certain option is dropped in favor of another one that would increase the chances of achieving project goals and objectives. An appraisal aims at proving information on a number of important implications of planning. It concerns itself with factors such as the nature and amount of resources to be deployed, the nature and scale of effects produced, where the effects occur and who is affected, and finally the relationship between resources deployed and effects produced. Social impact appraisal is commonly utilized in sociol ogy to determine the effects of a program to the lives of people. Social impact assessment is not focused on attaching money values to costs and benefits. Friedman and Schrieber (2008) suggests that Social Impact assessment deals with four major categories, including demographic (population, labor, displacement and relocation of persons), social economic (income changes and employment patterns), institutional (demands on local and administrative services), and psychological/community factors (social networks, integration and cohesion). Conyers and Hills emphasize the before and after studies of social impact of development projects. They argue that social impact appraisal should seek to achieve certain goals and achievements. The SIA should attempt to predict the likely positive and negative social effects of a project and consider them in the planning process. The SIA should also examine the social cultural conditions in the project area and identify those to be considered in the p lanning process in order to maximize social benefits. Finally, the scholars commented that the SIA should identify what kind of social services and facilities are to be included in the project design in order to meet social requirements of people and minimize social disruption that often occurs in such projects. Cochrane noted that project managers should bear in mind cultural factors and consider them in project design. He outlined various factors, which should be considered in such SIA. These factors include identification of social groups, patterns of social organizations, belief system, wealth forms and patterns of mobility. Program Goals and Objectives To understand program goals and objectives, the planner utilizes a logical framework. A logical framework is a tool used in preparation of a project document or proposal. Conyers (1982) observes that a logical framework refers to as a concept that describes the main aspects of a project, otherwise referred to as program goals and objectives. The tool summarizes key features of a project and provides a planner with a visual and comprehensive view of the project. It can also be seen as a tool that is used in the design of a project and provides a basis for its monitoring and evaluation. There are two major advantages of a logical framework. One of them is that it provides a vision of what the project seeks to achieve that is, it visualizes various aspects of the project and what it seeks to achieve. Furthermore, it provides a basis for the project’s monitoring, evaluation, review and impact assessment. The components of the logical framework include goals, purposes, outputs, activities, verifiable indicators and means of verification. Furthermore, the tool may consist of risks and assumptions. A goal is a high-level objective meaning that it is broad and is achievable in the end. It may be termed the mission or main objective of the project (Olsen, 2004). The purpose is what the project seeks to achiev e meaning the accomplishments, also known as the main aims or specific objectives. The purpose of shows why the project is being undertaken. It describes the impact that is desired or what is to be changed because of delivering project outputs. Purposes are usually outside the control of the project planner. In other words, they are responsible for producing a set of results. Various activities in the logical framework are shown in the format below. Title: Introduction of Skype program in Cochise County Arizona Lifespan: Two years Phasing: Implementation will start in one location at the beginning of the First Year and be expanded to three locations in the Second Year. Three hundred households will be covered in the First Year and 900 in the Second Year Type of Project: Community-based seeking to empower local people to prevent metal illnesses. Logical Framework Matrix Narrative Summary Verifiable Indicators Means of Verification Risks/assumptions Goal: Increase people’s awareness of mental diseases and their readiness to take preventive measures and seek curative services Purpose: Expose people to sources of information about metal diseases and their prevention, as well as their curative services Local people sensitized Awareness increased Prevention measures taken Visits to health facilities by mental patients increased Project reports Direct observation of preventive measures Records at health facilities Project funded Project supported by authorities Outputs: Project site selected Indigenous control measures identified Number of HHs carrying out preventive measures increased Number of mental patients visiting health facilities increased Mental health awareness seminars and meetings held Mental health tests Direct observation of the geographic location of the project Preparation of the list of indigenous practices Identification of the number of persons carrying out preventive practices Health center statistics of mental cases Project reports Households will be willing to participate in the project Activities: Reconnaissance visits Baseline survey Training workshops, meetings and tours Questionnaire Checklists Seminars, meetings and tours Project reports Adequate funds will be available Program Implementation Implementation refers to the whole process of translating broad policy goals and objectives into visible results in the form of specific actions. It refers to what happens after the actions required to achieve specific objectives have been identified and affected. Conyers and Hill refer to implementation as the process of converting resources such as materials, technology, and funds into goods and services, which support behavioral change in the beneficiary groups. Planners role in this process is that of mobilizing, organizing and managing the resources needed to undertake the actions specified in the plans. According to Secret, Abell and Berlin (2011), the planner must perform t he following activities. One of them is to know what to do, ensure availability of required resources, have the ability to assemble, control and manage these resources to achieve what is desired and finally be able to communicate to others involved in the implementation. Overall, effective implementation is very demanding since many things can go wrong. A work plan is a tool utilized by planners in the implementation process. The work plan is a simple tool that provides answers regarding what is to be done, where will the project take place, when would the planner kick start the project, and how the project will be implemented. Pennig (2006) views it as an annual document that outlines the activities to be conducted with people in order to accomplish the objectives of a program. What is clear is that the work plan must be related to the objectives of the project. In other words, it is a guide for daily actions. In the introduction of the Skype program for callers to obtain help onli ne, the planner would identify what is to be done and who would be responsible in order to implement the program successfully. A decision is to be made about which projects are to be programmed including calling rates. For a successful implementation, the planner would have to consult community members charged with delivering services to the people. This is because there are no adequate resources for project implementation. During implementation, the planner would encourage participants to speak their minds freely, contribute their experiences and raise objectives where necessary, without fear. Since the program is complex and very expensive, the planner would encourage community members to think about the forthcoming implementation process carefully. The planner would encourage callers to think about resources needed in the implementation, how the program would be implemented, the timing of the program, possible bottlenecks and credibility of the program (Langlois, Hallam, 2010). In a number of cases, quantifiable targets are to be discussed, agreed upon and written down. Completion indicators such as events and outputs showing the operations are entered in the right hand column of the work plan chart. The work plan chart is shown below. Activities (what) Time frame (When) Persons Responsible (Who) Completion Indicators/outputs Proposal Writing 2-3 weeks The project coordinator Generation of objectives Data collection 1-8 weeks Field assistants Critical data Data Evaluation 1-2 weeks Project planner Critical information for decision making Assenting the program 1-2 weeks Relevant authorities Commencement The planner utilizes a Gant chart to show how activities will be fulfilled. A Gant chart shows input of time, money and other resources. The required time to perform various activities in each area of work is estimated. Interrelationships with other areas of work are discussed and coordination would be agreed upon. Each activity is then schedul ed by being drawn to a scale on the chart as a bar. The chart reveals periods when different staff have agreed to be working on various activities of the project. The Gant chart for the Skype program is shown below. Gant Chart (Weeks) Program Evaluation Just as a planner has to anticipate implementation process and plan for it before actual implementation starts, he or she has to anticipate for monitoring and evaluation, as well as plan for them before actual implementation. Monitoring and evaluation need to be in-built in the implementation process. As the Skype program is being implemented, it is necessary to monitor its progress and to ensure that activities are being carried out according to the plan. Monitoring is usually done continuously (Helitzer, Sanders, Roybal, Deusen, 2010). It is important to consider the type of monitoring and how it would be carried out. In addition to monitoring the Skype program, the planner is also to carry put a detailed evaluation of the progra m. This is done after completion of the program or at specific points in the implementation process. Evaluation calls for collection of additional data, which are related to the project. Evaluation helps the planner to identify new problems or issues, which should become the focus of planning in future. Generally, monitoring and evaluation are means of measuring past successes and failures, as well as providing information needed to improve future planning activities (Knepper, 2010). In the Skype program, evaluation would involve periodic review of the project inputs, activities and outputs. In this case, the resources used in putting up the online call center, the activities undertaken such as delegating duties and the achievements such as improved standards of living would be measured. References Barreto, R. (2004). Diversity Perspectives for Social Work Practice. Journal of Sociology Social Welfare, 31(3), 190-191. Blair, R. (1998). Strategic Planning for Economic Development: A Suggested Model for Program Evaluation. Public Administration Quarterly, 22(3), 331-348. Celotta, B., Sobol, B. (1983). Needs Assessment: Reconciliation of Children, Parent and Teacher Views. Journal of Education, 83(104), 176-179. Conyers, D (1982). An Introduction to Social Planning in the Third World. New York: Wiley. Friedman, L., Schrieber, L. (2008). Healthy Families America State Systems Development, Journal of Prevention Intervention in the Community, 34(1), 67-87. Glauser, W. (2011).The Skype solution. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 183(12), 98. Hassan, A., Kamarudin, N., Ahmad, J., Baki, R. (2009). The solution of Social Problems from the Perspective of Philosophy of Education. The International Journal of the Humanities, 7(2), 27-34. Helitzer, D., Sanders, M., Roybal, S., Deusen, I. (2010). Evaluation for Community Based Programs: The integration of Logic Models and Factor Analysis. Evaluation and Program Planning, 33(2), 223-233. Kettner, P., Moroney, R., Ma rtin, L. (2008). Designing and managing programs: an effectiveness-based approach (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications. Knepper, H. (2010). Review of â€Å"Designing and Managing Programs: An Effectiveness-Based Approach†. Administration of Social Work, 34(1), 107-108. Langlois, M., Hallam, J. (2010). Integrating Multiple Health Behavior Theories Into Program Planning: The PER Worksheet. Health Promotion Practice, 11(2), 282-288. Olsen, D. (2004). Transition to Adulthood: The Important Role of the Pediatrician. Pediatrics, 113(3), 159-162. Pennig, S. (2006). HPM: A model to relate costs, benefits, and strategic impact of human resource programs. Performance Improvement Journal, 11(6), 17-22. Secret, M., Abell, M., Berlin, T. (2011). The Promise and Challenge of Practice-Research Collaborations: Guiding Principles and Strategies for Initiating, Designing, and Implementing Program Evaluation Research. Academic Journal, 56(1), 9-20. Waterston, A. (1965). Development Pl anning: Lessons of Experience. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press. This proposal on Program Planning and Evaluation was written and submitted by user Alexa T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.