Venus and Adonis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Venus and Adonis - Essay Example God has etched such an uncommon figure. Be that as it may, he is impartial in the specialty of affection. He gets huge delight in chasing and riding over the slopes after deer and fox. Hypnotized with his excellence, Venus uniquely drops on Planet Earth from the sky and experiences passionate feelings for him urgently. Enthusiasm has been looked at as a creature sense. Shakespeare features this intuition through the adoration play of Adonis and Venus. Love and energy of a lady have the ability to upset the psychological harmony of a man and Venus knows about the quality and the intensity of enticement of the female charms. She challenges him one morning in the fields as he is on his chasing crucial. She begs him to get off, attach his pony to a tree and participate in discussion with her. Shakespeare portrays how Venus continues bit by bit to arouse the creature enthusiasm in Adonis. At first, she is thoughtful with her adoration yet later doesn't stop for a second to apply power, leans back close by and eyes him with stroking looks, connects with him in enthusiastic discussion, discloses to him in delicate words the miracle and magnificence of affection. Adonis doesn't yield, he is consistent and firm, is progressively on edge to leave her even as she implores him for kind air and a kiss, yet Adonis is determined to his single-pointed assurance for chasing. She records the joys that she can offer to him, Adonis at long last breaks himself from her arms, and it is as of now, Shakespeare clarifies in clear terms the triumph of the creature nature, by the case of the conduct of the pony. As Adonis surges towards his steed, it hears a call of a jennet in a field close by. Shakespeare depicts the circumstance accordingly: The stimulated steed disregards the devotion to its lord, breaks the cowhide strap that holds him and runs towards the jennet.â

Automotive Industries in Thailand Essay

Commitment of MNC’s in car industry: The vast majority of the creating nations consider that the car business will push the nation toward a concentrated industrialisation by making a huge arrangement of related organizations. Thailand expects to be viewed as the Detroit of Asia. The nation has occupied with the most recent couple of decades in the improvement of the car business, with a unique spotlight on local auto-get together. Thailand is the world’s second biggest get truck showcase after the U.S., and it is ASEAN’s biggest car market and constructing agent. Today all driving Japanese vehicle makers just as BMW, Mercedes Benz, General Motors, Ford, Volvo, and Peugeot, amass vehicles in Thailand alongside their gathering of subcontractors and providers. Thailand has become the primary creation base for auto sends out in South East Asia. Thailand is considered as one of the most alluring nations for car ventures basically because of elements, for example, the great and developing local market size, the relative political steadiness, liberal exchange and speculation approach, and the absence of a â€Å"national vehicle program†. The car business is Thailand’s third biggest industry, utilizing an expected all out workforce of around 225,000 representatives, and with an all out creation limit of around 1,270,100 vehicles and trucks for each year. Japanese-cause cars to have overwhelmed the nearby auto showcase; with almost 90% piece of the pie however other worldwide vehicle manufacturers’ ventures are developing reliably, making an extremely powerful industry. New worldwide parts makers are moving a portion of their activities to Thailand. Thailand has 16 vehicle constructing agents; a large portion of them are enormous scope outside possessed or joint endeavor ventures. Also, there are in excess of 1100 little and medium measured organizations filling in as providers of unique hardware (OEM), or delivering substitution gear (REM). The car business in Thailand is exceptionally thought with the greater part of the processing plants situated in the Samut Prakarn area (roughly 20 km south of Bangkok), trailed by Rayong (around 130 km south-east of Bangkok). The biggest vehicle maker is Toyota, and in 2003 it was the principal producer to set up a nearby R&D focus in Thailand. Be that as it may, this kind of activity, an agreeable game plan among MNCs and neighborhood colleges, is so far not an across the board practice in Thailand. In this manner, there is a tough need to comprehend the systems taking into consideration information move and sharing, if Thailand needs to situate itself as an extremely serious nation, in the car business as well as in other modern parts too. Thailand profits by these organizations tasks as practically 18% of work and business are produced by the car business.

Culture Shock Of Studying Abroad Cultural Studies Essay

Culture Shock Of Studying Abroad Cultural Studies Essay In the globalizing scene, an ever increasing number of individuals go to abroad for work and study. Culture stun has been generally present in intercultural correspondence. Where there is social correspondence, there is culture stun. It tends to be represented by a basic case. A Chinese young lady, who is an undergrad, experienced long haul cultural assimilation when she came here from the outset. At some point, she went to the bank to request the announcement. At the point when she showed up there, the official revealed to her that the announcement must be posted, and she was unable to get it immediately. She clarified that it was desperately required for visa, however the official despite everything demanded his choice, which made her resentful and baffled. Rather than it, in China, one can get a bank explanation whenever. Individuals will encounter the effect of social contrasts in shifting degrees from an ethnic district to a totally extraordinary one, particularly to go to work, study and live abroad. The arrangement of images, customs, personal conduct standards, social relations will be supplanted by another set they are not comfortable, which may realize mental tension, passionate flimsiness, and even misery. In serious cases, it can bring about an assortment of mental and physical ailments, more awful, even mental issues or self destruction. This is culture stun precisely. Culture stun has been a significant wellspring of relational pressure and struggle for the individuals who are in a multicultural society. As a rule, culture stun is a marvel of social misfortune and mental unevenness, and it additionally can be viewed as a procedure of the development of mental state in new social settings. Individuals experience fluctuating degrees of culture stun. There are numerous elements influencing society stun and the individual responses, incorporating past involvement in different societies and multifaceted adjustment, the level of contrast in ones own and the host culture, the level of readiness, social encouraging groups of people, and individual mental qualities. (Furnham Bochner, 1986) These days, universal understudies are assuming an inexorably huge job in various nations, particularly in western nations. They invest a lot of cash and energy for advanced education. In the wake of completing the investigation, they for the most part return home or remain to find a decent line of work. Just on the off chance that they conquer social stun would they be able to keep learning and have the chance to do their fantasy. Else, it will be a goliath exercise in futility and cash. Without a doubt, these understudies have gotten indispensable for the investigation of culture stun. This paper is to address the definition, qualities, stages, and reasons for culture stun, and investigate how it can influence remote understudies through an assortment of important models. Writing Review As of late, there is a developing writing in the region of culture stun, and numerous commitments to the emotional wellness issues stimulated by culture stun looked by outside understudies (Thomas Althen, 1989). Various researchers have examined the meaning of culture stun. Oberg (1960) promoted it to allude to the uneasiness that outcomes from losing the entirety of our recognizable signs and images of social intercourse. Adler (1975) recommended that culture stun is basically a lot of passionate responses to the loss of perceptual fortifications from ones own way of life, to the new social upgrades which have practically no importance, and to the misconception of new and different experience. Barna (1976) stretched out the idea to incorporate physiological perspectives. Bennett (1977) saw it as a subcategory of change encounters. As to manifestations of culture stun, albeit singular responses contrast from case to case, different researchers (e.g., Oberg, 1960; Adler, 1975) recomme nded some basic side effects, for example, sentiments of feebleness and withdrawal; dread of being cheated or harmed; exorbitant worry on wellbeing; being achy to go home; and a condition of apprehensive crabbiness. Additionally, Taft (1977) summed up a scope of definitions and contended that culture stun is an inclination of weakness from the powerlessness to adapt to the earth, in view of being new to psychological angles and pretending abilities. He distinguished six distinct parts of culture stun: 1. Strain because of the progressing fundamental mental alteration. 2. A feeling of loss of companions, status, occupation and property. 3. Being not acknowledged by and additionally tolerating individuals from the new culture. 4. Disarray in job, job desires, qualities, emotions and self-personality. 5. Shock, uneasiness, even nauseate and outrage subsequent to seeing social contrasts. 6. Sentiment of defenselessness due to not having the option to manage the new condition. As far as emotional well-being issues, the far reaching utilization of the two significant concerns, to be specific, despondency (e.g., David, 1971; Hojat, 1982) and nervousness (e.g., Lin Masuda, Tazuma, 1982) has been recorded. A few examinations have focused on defenselessness (Arredondo-Dowd, 1981), social withdrawal, depression, and achiness to visit the family (Church, 1982; Cort King, 1979). Reasons for Culture Shock When one enters a new situation, for what reason will he experience culture stun? There are different clarifications in the mental examinations. A customary one is to interface it to misery of the loss of companions or family members, attributing society stun to the loss of specific things. Individuals feel lamented because of the loss of dear loved ones, while those in an alternate social setting might be exposed to culture stun for losing a recognizable edge of reference in an intercultural experience, for example, status, qualities, companions, and customs. (Bennett, 1977) various new speculations have been proposed which expand it from various angles. Various Values Worth is a sort of social awareness, and it can recognize what sort of conduct, endurance examples and connection rules will be received by people, gatherings or social orders. There is neither any sort of qualities predominant than others, nor that sub-par. Any of them is extraordinary. For instance, looking at the Chinese and American societies, it unmistakably can be seen that the American worth independence while the Chinese accentuate cooperation. American individuals underscore singular rights, though Chinese individuals esteem their commitments to society. In intercultural correspondence, one from an alternate culture must regard estimations of the host culture to guarantee the perfection of interchanges. On the off chance that individuals go about as the inverse, culture stun will happen unavoidably. Take some Muslim understudies for instance. When living in America, there are numerous understudies from Muslim nations, particularly females, who ordinarily keep on wearing conv entional garments; in this manner they are effectively opposing partaking in the American mainstream society. This has been in the method of cultural assimilation, which may detach them from the earth and realize tension or dissatisfaction. Ethnocentrism Individuals will in general reprimand the acts of another culture from the point of view of their own social qualities and convictions. Ethnocentrism, comprised by ethno and anti-extremism, alludes to a social inclination that leads individuals to pass judgment on another societies propensities and practices as right or off-base, fortunate or unfortunate (Samover Porter, 2000). This inclination will bring about vanity of ones own societies predominance, and disdain of outcasts, along these lines affecting the adaption procedure. To delineate, a few cases will be introduced. Chinese see western food, for example, sandwich and cheeseburger as lousy nourishment. Americans are stunned that Chinese eat about a wide range of creatures. Chinese think Hindus washing in the waterway Ganges is unsanitary. Islamic provinces are scrutinized for evidently subjecting ladies. Western nations think Chinese constrained taking care of training has no advantage for understudies. Ethnocentrism some of the time can deliver positive social impacts, including an exceptionally solid economic wellbeing, which may upgrade singular confidence, feeling of reliability and gathering endurance cognizance, yet additionally decrease inner inconsistencies. Be that as it may, ethnocentric mentalities will cause contrary social impacts, which keeps individuals from taking in new information from different societies and widen new vision. What's more, to defend the status of national prevalence, rivalry, dread, outrage and contempt may build, which prompts an assortment of damaging clashes. Ethnocentrism and culture is harmonious, and every one of us experiences childhood in a specific culture, hence it is difficult to totally dispose of ethnocentrism. At the point when understudies enter a new social setting, it is anything but difficult to pass judgment on the objective culture as fortunate or unfortunate, set in stone from the stance of their own social qualities. With the inclination judgment, one can't break the boundaries to accomplish intercultural seeing; in this way, culture stun happens, which causes mental and physiological pressure and strain in correspondence contact. Predispositions and Stereotypes The nearness of biases and generalizations is a hindrance to social contact. For example, U.S. understudies attempt to hold separation to an uproarious gathering from Middle East since the generalization that the Arabs are inflammable. On the off chance that one has viewed Japanese as vague before their Japanese visitors coming, the person in question will likely observe their practices (e.g., the consistent grin) so much (Barna, 1994). Generalizations help to decrease the danger of the obscure by making the world unsurprising (Becker, 1962). Generalizations lead to overgeneralisation, and influence intercultural correspondence legitimately, in light of the fact that the expectations to the practices of the other party depend on their fixed perspectives as opposed to whether they are exact or fit the conditions. Generalizations are mentally important to discharge our weakness in order to interface with individuals in various circumstances. Generalizations make individuals focus on what fit their underlying impressions, and disregard the left. It keeps individuals from speaking with those from the unmistakable social foundations. As a mental purpose behind culture stun, generalization

SUMMARY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Outline - Essay Example Then again a light dinner on a fasting day may make this methodology increasingly reasonable. During Ramadan Muslims stop from eating among day break and nightfall. An evaluation was directed and its point was to examine the impacts of fasting on conduct and physiological factors in sound subjects (Rocky, et al., .2004). It was noticed that Ramadan fasting didn't have any effect on the digestion of proteins, lipids or sugars. A few investigations have anyway indicated that this sort of fasting influences the circadian gracefully of internal heat level, melatonin, glycemia, and cortisol. Events of street mishaps are high during this period a factor that can be ascribed to Biological and social changes normal during Ramadan. Rough et al., (2004) directed an examination, on the impact of elective fasting on oxygen consuming and anaerobic exercise execution in judo competitors, proceeding with their standard preparing. The outcomes that got demonstrated that the fasting smallly affected high-impact execution. It was additionally seen that accomplished competitors can safeguard enough vitality and train typical during the fasting time frame. Kumar and Kaur (2013) led an examination on how dietary limitation adversely influenced propagation. The investigation was expected to investigate the impacts of negative vitality occasioned by irregular fasting on youthful female and male rodents. It was noticed that, adjustments in body weight, testeron and blood glucose demonstrated the negative job of diet limitation on the proliferation of this creatures. It was reasoned that the fasting routine contrarily impacts proliferation in youthful creatures, and this was likewise ready to clarify the premise of wholesome barrenness. It was additionally noticed that ladies who neglect to eat enough food to coordinate their vitality use regularly create clinical instances of anorexia nervosa. Monica, et al., (2012) directed an exploration to decide the level at which weight reduction can be helped if exchange fasting is joined with calorie limitation. The investigation inspected the impacts

Why a High School Term Papers Sale Can Be a Good Idea

Why a High School Term Papers Sale Can Be a Good IdeaOne of the best reasons to do a term paper online sale is because the convenience of it all. There is no need to leave your home or even your office because you will have access to a large selection of paper and your choices will be unlimited. Online term paper sellers will also provide you with the ability to choose the perfect paper that will fit in with your specific requirements and style of writing.Paper that is good enough for a college level class can still be used by high school students. It doesn't matter what type of writing that you are writing as long as you know how to write it. One way that you can improve your writing is to make sure that you have the right type of paper to do so. With all of the choices available to you, you will always be able to find the right paper for your needs.You will also have a choice of paper color as well. When you go to the paper seller's website, you will be able to choose from all of t he different types of paper that they offer. No matter what you are looking for, you will have an option of choosing what you want.This is because the paper is being sold by people who have chosen to sell them. If you are interested in doing a paper sale yourself, you will be able to easily find the paper that you want. In addition, you will not have to worry about going to a huge store just to purchase paper for your paper sale. You will also not have to leave your home and go somewhere else either because you will be able to pick up your paper.The convenience of doing a paper sale is one reason why it is a great idea to do a paper sale. While you may not be able to do a paper sale every month, you will be able to choose a date and time that work for you. You will not have to worry about finding a paper seller if you want to save some money.Paper that you buy off of your website will be extremely affordable because the paper seller will be selling it to you at a reduced rate. This way, you can get your paper sale started on time. This is especially true if you are only buying paper from your website. If you are doing this from someone else's website, it can be much more expensive and time consuming to pick up paper.A paper sale is the best way to save money. You will be able to get rid of unneeded paper so that you do not have to spend a lot of money on paper. You will also be able to find the perfect paper that you want to use for your assignment. Most paper sellers will be able to provide you with the paper that you need without having to pay a lot of money.Paper sellers are among the best options when you want to find paper that is not as expensive. They offer you paper at a reduced rate which means that you will have more money to spend on other things that you need. Not only will you be able to save money, but you will also find paper that you can use for other things as well.

A Moral Reasoning Perspective on Ethical Theories Essay - 275 Words

A Moral Reasoning Perspective on Ethical Theories (Essay Sample) Content: A moral reasoning perspective on ethical theories(Student)(Institution)(Lecturer)(Date)IntroductionSeveral scholars and fundamentalists coined various theories and concepts some of which were contradictory in nature in an effort to put into perspective some of the most puzzling human behaviors and tendencies. Ethical theories basically provide the much needed viewpoint from which various acts in the society can be scrutinized CITATION Pen95 \l 1033 (Penslar, 1995). Different theories lay so much emphasis on quit varied stages of human actions with some stressing on the individual efforts while others were being more inclined toward the outcome of various courses of action. It is however important to underscore the fact that the fundamental obligation of all the ethical theories was to guide individuals and enable them make ethically sound decisions irrespective of the theory they subscribe to as this paper seeks to deeply elaborate.The theory of virtue ethics lays a lot of emphasis on an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s character to determine the nature of his or her action as an ethical behavior or otherwise by taking into consideration the said individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s reputation CITATION Pen95 \l 1033 (Penslar, 1995). While looking at an irregular behavior committed by the said individual no serious thought is given to the act itself. Previous documentation by both Plato and Aristotle laid the groundwork for the conceptualization of this theory which focuses more on the actions of individuals and the intent of the said transgressions.Utilitarianism on the other hand delves more into the outcomes or consequences of certain actions with the ethically correct in its book being those that yield the greatest benefit to a large number of people while diminishing suffering in the same breath CITATION Rid98 \l 1033 (Ridley, 1998). The most prominent proponent of this theory would be John Stuart Mill who sensationally alluded to the fact that ethically sound a cts were those which would not negatively impact on those at the receiving end. The theoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s tendency to predict the future can however be considered as its greatest flaw since such predictions may not see the light of day.The social contract theory however envisions a system where authority is delegated to various institutions which are charged with the responsibility of ensuring peace and stability within their area of jurisdiction CITATION Swi07 \l 1033 (Swinburne, 2007). Such kinds of arrangements are unanimously agreed upon by members of the given society with the intension of fostering cohesion among them. This theory can also be linked to Hugo Grotius who emphasized on the importance of formulating laws and bodies to implement them so as to enable members enjoy their rights and liberties in utmost tranquility CITATION Swi07 \l 1033 (Swinburne, 2007).The theory of Deontology looks at the ethical standing of any action in society by establishing weather they are in accordance with the rules and regulations, laid down procedure or weather the actors are bound by obligation or duty CITATION Pen95 \l 1033 (Penslar, 1995). A strict adherence to the law, acts of sufficient consideration and goodwill are considered as some of the hallmarks of this ethical theory which was brought to the limelight by the works of ethicists such as Immanuel Kant. The theory also provides a framework for the assumption of certain obligations to certain people in varied units for instance; the obligation of a father to protect the family.The Hindu doctrine of ethics emulated deontology in the sense that it holds religious and moral duties of individuals and their virtue in with high regards CITATION Rid98 \l 1033 (Ridley, 1998). The doctrine also looks at sacred laws which connote the general ideas of honesty decency and respect often referred to as dharma CITATION Pen95 \l 1033 (Penslar, 1995). Buddhism on the other hand do not believe in the existence of a supernat ural being to take care of their problems and hence they spend a lot of time formulating practices which can be deemed ethical in nature including staying away from things which could cause suffering hence borrowing a leaf from deontology.Deontology with divine authority basically categorizes the moral standing of actions in accordance with the dictates of God in the Christian version or those of Allah in the Muslim version CITATION Swi07 \l 1033 (Swinburne, 2007). The three sets of faith basically worship the God of Adam, Abraham and Moses hence the ethical standing on good or bad are pretty much standard for the three. Relativism as an ethical theory is not bound by absolute truth and would be greatly impacted by prevailing circumstances and perceptions CITATION Rid98 \l 1033 (Ridley, 1998). Both individual and cultural relativists consider certain acts as ethical if they conform to their specific line of thought or the state of affairs at that particular moment.Strict adherenc e to the rule of law has for a long time characterize the behavior of many American societies and still continue to do so. A complete hierarchy with the most basic unit being the family has also been entrenched into these societies with a couple of responsibilities assigned to those who lead such outfits. A couple of selfless acts by a reasonable number of citizens have also been witnessed especially during national disasters such as hurricanes, fire outbreaks and even terror attacks. Nothing best exemplifies the dictates of deontology better than these instances and hence the most prevalent ethical theory in the United States is deontol...

Language And Cognitive Development Based On A Longitudinal...

The following is a review of the article â€Å"New Evidence About Language and Cognitive Development Based on a Longitudinal Study: Hypotheses for Intervention† (Goldin-Meadow et al., 2014). The article discusses the research that was done on language learning in toddlers. I will summarize the purpose of the research, the methods used, and an interpretation of the findings. I will then discuss the findings in relation to developmental theories as discussed by Berger (2014). I will conclude with a reflection on how this relates to my own experience. Purpose of the Research The authors undertook this research in order to better understand the factors that affect language learning. The findings obtained through this research may help predict†¦show more content†¦The researches did 90-minute home observations every four months for four years (total of 12 visits per child). The children were observed from the age of 14 months to 58 months. The researches also observed 40 children with unilateral brain injury (BI). There was no demographic related selection for these 40 children and they varied in age from 14 to 54 months. At least four visits were done with these 40 families. Parent-child interactions were videotaped for 90 minutes during each visit. All parent and child gestures and speech were then transcribed. Interpretation of Findings The authors discussed three outcomes in their research. The first is that SES and BI can cause variance in child gestures. The use of gestures can be an indicator of later language use in both typically developing children and children with brain injuries. In the group of typically developing children, it was found the use of gestures varies based on the SES. A difference in gesture use was found in children at 14 months of age, and that different in gesture use affected later language learning. The amount of parental gestures was related to SES and affected the amount of child gestures. Although parent gestures do not impact language learning, early child gestures do. Therefore, if the amount of parent gestures, impacts the amount of child gestures, language learning can be impacted as a result of fewer child gestures. The

Animation of a Statue - 2268 Words

Animation of a Statue Nothing gives one person so great advantage over another, as to remain always cool and unruffled under all circumstances. -- Thomas Jefferson The Roaring 20’s are often viewed as an era of reverie and true American spirit. But, like the Gilded Age, the exuberance was superficial and fleeting. In revealing the progression of Jordan Baker’s character through the motif of her complex demeanor, F. Scott Fitzgerald illuminates the theme of authenticity in The Great Gatsby. Presenting Ms. Baker’s image as that of an emotionally collected young woman, then stripping away the facade to reveal the charade she plays and finally tearing at her core motivation, Fitzgerald manipulates the aura that Jordan creates to examine how her lie is simply another strategy used to ensure security. At the start of the book, Jordan maintains a distant persona that divorces her appearance from true reality. But as Nick learns more about the girl, he opens up Jordan’s vulnerability and softens her cold posture. As conflict emerges, Jordan’s actions reveal how she handles a disturbance to her balanced repose and whet her she can truly live an authentic life. When Nick first encounters Jordan at the Buchanan’s party, her restful body language suggests an air of aloofness. Her allure coupled with sensual dress imagery characterize Jordan as complex yet lacking in genuine character. Inside the showy foyer of the Buchanan household, â€Å"two women [are] buoyed up as though uponShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of Buddhism By Donald M. Rodriguez Jr.1743 Words   |  7 PagesKannon Bosatsu, or Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, is a carved wood statue of a Bodhisattva figure standing about two and one half to three meters tall. This statue shows a high level of detail on the Bodhisattva s body, and is carved so smoothly that it could be mistaken for a stone carving. 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Burton filmed this scene from a high angle. At first, this creates a thought in the audience’s mind that the character might be dead. But after he starts to moan, that theory is no longer correct. ThroughRead MoreThemes Of Japan s Indigenous Religion1153 Words   |  5 Pagesseen through Miyazaki films through spirits that have the ability to transform their shape, such as the foxes and raccoons in Pom Poko. Buddhism also influences Miyazaki films. Dragons derive from Buddhist legends and are in Spirited Away. Buddhist statues are also seen in My Neighbor Totoro, and Pom Poko (Odell 28). All of his movies contain variations of spirits, demons, or fantastical creatures rooted in nature. There is a balance of empathy through his human elements, but mystery in his fantasyRead MoreMy Grandmother Is An Artist897 Words   |  4 Pagesthe contemporary art world, but to see scholars from different disciplines interject into the debate is more unfortunate. Smut writes, â€Å"†¦attempts at emulating the moving image, game designers intend that we appreciate their games as we do digital animation and video art. Modern video game designers are deeply concerned with traditional aesthetic considerations familiar to animators†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1). Video game designers hold the same aesthetic considerations as animators and other artists do, but only the animatorsRead MoreLooking At A Few Of Them3927 Words   |  16 Pag eswith tuberculosis are both female and struggle with being diagnosed with it. He tries to portray the love, sadness, and possible hope for a cure for tuberculosis within those films. What inspired Miyazaki and also directed him towards the path of animation and the world of manga (Japanese comics) was in 1958 when he watched the colored film Hakuja Den (â€Å"Hayao Miyazaki Biography†). Surprisingly, instead of acquiring a degree in the arts, he went to Gakushuiin University and graduated with a Political

Bullying Problem in a Nigerian Secondary School an...

BULLYING PROBLEM IN A NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL: AN EDUCATIONAL MANGER’S SOLUTION Abstract Bullying problem is pervasive and a serious concern for all stakeholders of education who desire to make school climate a safe haven. This paper is thus moved by this desire, to identify bullying and prevalence of bullying among secondary school students in Nigeria as a matter of urgent attention. The paper brings into concrete terms, bullying situation in Hibiscus College (pseudonym) a secondary school in Nigeria and prescribes a series of decision making process for solving the problem. These include, provision of helping services for schools; sensitization and capacity building of stakeholders in bullying detection and prevention;†¦show more content†¦In recent times, it is becoming a bigger crisis with vicious consequences. Bullying is not just a child’s play, but a terrifying experience many school children face everyday (Aluede, 2006; Beran, 2005; Craig, 1998; Thornbery, 2010). As Beran (2005) further noted, in spite of school officials, teachers, parents and st udents exerting great efforts to make schools friendlier and safer places, a reduction of bullying is not always evident, as threats of attacks in schools often leading to breakdown of rules and orders are often the case in many Nigerian schools. The multifaceted nature of bullying has made its definition a complex task, as no single definition can cover all aspects of bullying. Notwithstanding, bullying is a form of aggression, a particular kind of violence to which students are exposed. It is a form of social interaction in which a more dominant individual (the bully) exhibits aggressive behaviour intended to cause distress to the less dominant individual (the victim). In most cases, bullying can be seen as acting in any way that threatens or hurts someone less powerful. Bullying does not occur when there is conflict between people of equal or similar power. This distinction is important because of the effects of being repeatedly attacked or threatened by a more powerful person or group are likely to differ from the effects of being threatened or attacked by someone of equal power. In the former case, one is apt

The No Child Left Behind Act - 1633 Words

According to the Nation’s Report Card, only forty percent of 4th graders and thirty-three percent of 8th graders are performing at or above levels of proficiency on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics test in 2015. These numbers are unchanged from 2013, showing that no progress is being made. The United States education system needs to drastically be reformed so that our test scores and work output is comparable to that of higher-achieving nations such as China and Japan. One policy currently in place that is making it difficult for teachers to teach the way they would like is the No Child Left behind Act. The act was originally made so that schools are held accountable for their students’ progress, parents get more choices of which school their children will attend and so that there is more flexibility for how funds can be distributed by the schools. The No Child Left Behind Act needs to be reformed because it encourages teachers to teach to the tests, gives money to schools already succeeding, and forces teachers to focus mainly on students struggling rather than average or excelling students. The No Child Left Behind Act was originally written in 1965 and signed by Lyndon B. Johnson as the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). The act explained that â€Å"full educational opportunity† should be the nation’s priority. In 2002, the act was rewritten by former President George W. Bush and renamed the No Child Left Behind Act. TheShow MoreRelatedNo Child Left Behind Act1621 Words   |  7 Pages The support for the No Child Left Behind Act plummeted down shortly after the act passed. Many people supported the act at first simply because they supported the goals of the act, once they saw the results, their opinions changed. One of the biggest arguments towards No Child Left Behind is that it is unfair. People believed the resources of difference schools were unequal, and thought the Title 1 fund ing that the schools received should go to ensuring all schools had equal resources. Many peopleRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1670 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review: Every Student Succeeds Act Suzanne Hatton, BSW, LSW University of Kentucky-SW 630 Abstract This literature review seeks to explore the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015), a bipartisan reauthorization and revision to the No Child Left Behind Act (2002). The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is the first law passed in fourteen years to address Reneeded changes to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Considered progressive and innovative at the time of itsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act875 Words   |  4 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act â€Å"NCLB† was a bill passed by the Senate in 2001 and signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002. It was a revision of the Elementary and Secondary Act â€Å"ESEA† of 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson. The NCLB was intended to help children in lower-income families achieve the same standard of education as children in higher income families. This was done by the federal government providing extra finances for Title I schools in exchange for a rise in academicRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1418 Wor ds   |  6 Pagessystematic oppression. The flowing water of oppression floods poor schools; drowning students with dreams, and giving no mercy. The only ones safe from the water are the privileged, who are oblivious to the fact that it exists. George Bush s No Child Left Behind Act, which passed in 2002, mandated annual standardized testing in math and reading. If schools received insufficient scores, they were punished or shut down. This fueled the construed concept that a school is only doing well if the students haveRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesuccessful at it. (Source 7) Next, the â€Å"No Child left behind Act† it was signed by President George W. Bush and it passed with bipartisan support on Jan. 8, 2002. This Act states that there will be mandated annual testing in the subject reading and math and science. In the grades 3-8 and 10th grade. It shows the Adequate Yearly Progress of each school in the system of the United States. (source 1) The biggest point of this Act is that no child is â€Å"trapped in a failing school† (source 1). That eachRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act2120 Words   |  9 PagesWhen President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) into law in 2002, the legislation had one goal-- to improve educational equity for all students in the United States by implementing standards for student achievement and school district and teacher performance. Before the No Child Left Behind Act, the program of study for most schools was developed and implemented by individual states and local communities†™ school boards. Proponents of the NCLB believed that lax oversightRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1988 Words   |  8 PagesJanuary 8, 2002, George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act into law (also known as the NCLB). The No Child Left Behind Act was the latest reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, a federal education bill addressing the nation’s schools. At his signing ceremony, Bush stated, â€Å"There’s no greater challenge than to make sure that every child—and all of us on this stage mean every child, not just a few children—every single child, regardless of where they live, how they’reRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act was the biggest educational step taken by president Bush and his administration. Its main goal included the increase of achievement in education and completely eliminate the gap between different racial and ethnic grou ps. Its strategies had a major focus on uplifting test scores in schools, hiring â€Å"highly qualified teachers† and deliver choices in education. Unluckily, the excessive demands of the law have not succeeded in achieving the goals that were set, and have causedRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1747 Words   |  7 PagesNo Child Left Behind Introduction The No Child Left Behind Act (NALB) was signed into law by the former President of the United States George Walker Bush on the 8th of January 2002. It was a congressional attempt to encourage student achievement through some reforms focused on elementary and secondary education programs in the United States. The NCLB requires that within a decade all students including those with disabilities to perform at a proficient level on their state academic evaluation testsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1124 Words   |  5 PagesChristian J. Green Dr. Shoulders NCLB and ESSA 28 February 2016 The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was authorized by and signed into law in 2002. NCLB was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. NCLB was meant to hold schools to higher standards, enforce accountability, and close achievement gaps that had existed in education since ESEA was enacted. Nevertheless, the rigorous standards and goals set forth under NCLB were never attained. ESEA Flexibility could

Healthy Diet Books And Nutrition Guides - 1757 Words

5 Nutrients Your Body Needs Besides Food If you re like me and care about your body, you probably spend a lot of your energy and focus on eating a healthy diet. There are endless diet books and nutrition guides that are aimed at helping you figure out how to give your body the nourishment it needs. Yet just as important as food are the other key nutrients your body needs to truly thrive. It can be easy to overlook these nutrients, but some of them are even more essential to our health than food! Here are five nutrients besides healthy food that your body needs to be truly well-fed, along with some simple tips for how to easily get these five needs met: NUTRIENT ONE: CLEAN AIR - What is more essential than breathing? We can go weeks without food and days without water, but not more than a few minutes without air. Fresh air is essential for our wellbeing. Yet most of us spend all day indoors, breathing recycled air. When we do get outside, much of our air is polluted. It can be difficult with our busy urban lifestyles to get out into nature, where air is freshest. At best, we might get a little park action when we take the dog for a walk. At worst, the only time we really experience fresh air is once a year on vacation! Solution: Nourish yourself with negative ions. Negative ions are at their max in pure places, like the tops of mountains or the depths of forests. Thanks to technology, you can do a lot to purify your indoor air by simply getting a negative ionizer forShow MoreRelatedThe Proper Nutrition1699 Words   |  7 PagesThe Proper Nutrition Many people across the globe are fascinated by showy commercials about losing weight. Often, these commercials guarantee that their customers will lose up to ten pounds in less than a week from using a fancy gizmo gadget workout machine. Some offer their viewers a diet plan that consists of little foods that make most people binge by the end of the program. The viewers are drawn to these commercials because they’ll believe what anyone says on television, and most of the timeRead MorePlant Based Nutrition : Power And The Planet !1642 Words   |  7 PagesPlant-Based Nutrition: Power to the People! Power to the Planet! Dr. Michael Greger provides an eye-opening statistic regarding the link between health and nutrition when he states that, â€Å"The #1 killer in the US – heart disease – was found to be almost nonexistent in populations with diets centered around whole plant foods† (â€Å"Greger†). Even though the idea that a plant-based diet is the best option for many reasons, many groups still passionately contest it. However, recent research in nutritionalRead MorePrevention And The Prevention Of Cancer1451 Words   |  6 Pagesoffice followed by chemotherapy in an attempt to kill the now detectable cancer cells, then this article is not for you. If however, you would prefer to avoid cancer totally by preventing it before it starts, then please read on. When addressing nutrition and the prevention of cancer one of the hottest topics in this arena at this time are antioxidants. The primary reason that antioxidants have received increasing attention is based on the very nature of cancer cells themselves, how they are startedRead MoreThe Health Of Freshman Year Of College Essay935 Words   |  4 Pagesan incoming freshman is concerned about what her diet will be like while living in a dorm. She has heard that a lot of females in college will develop eating disorders because of their poor diet and possible weight gain from lack of exercise. Tammy started to do research on the internet and stumbled across â€Å"Healthy Eating: A Practical Guide† published by Concordia University. In the guide, it has guidelines and tips for college students to eat healthy while on a budget, and a chart for the amount ofRead MoreFood Is Always Critical For People’S Living. People Gain1333 Words   |  6 Pagesfactor that caused American to have unhealthy diets and Americans need to consume less of corn processed foods. In his book, Omnivore’s Dilemma, Pollan has made a good argument by providing significant resources to back up his argument and he has discussed both the pros and cons about corn that has let the readers to fully understand the situation. I’m of two minds about Pollan’s claim that American needs to consume less in order to have a healthy diet. On the one hand, I agree that corn did broughtRead MoreFood Politics Is A Great Book For Anyone The Richest Nation On Earth Has Such Poor Dietary Habits880 Words   |  4 PagesFood Politics is a great book for anyone who wants to understand why the richest nation on earth has such poor dietary habits. In the book, Marion Nestle examines the political, scientific and socioeconomic influences on food choice, food safety, and obesity. She goes into considerable detail to explain how, over the past century, the food industry s political control over nutrition standards, the alliance between big companies and academic research, and the allowance of deceptive advertising hasRead More Living Healthy Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pages Living Healthy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"No matter who you are, no matter what you do, you absolutely, positively do have the power to change† (Phillips xv). No matter how old or over weight you are, you always have the need to be healthy and it is never too late to start living healthy. Your body is the center of your universe. You can go nowhere without it. It’s the temple of your mind and your soul. If your body is sagging, or aging rapidly, other aspects of your life will soon follow. ThereRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Pollan s Defense Of Food967 Words   |  4 PagesIn his book In Defense of Food author Michael Pollan takes an interesting and thought provoking journey into our contemporary nutrition. He not only breaks down the dangers of what we currently eat, but the entire reasoning behind why. He delves into how advertising, scientific claims (be them correct or incorrect) and even politics have changed the landscape of nutrition, and all our eating habits as a whole. He correlates the current epidemic of major health problems in America (obesityRead MoreFood Warning Labels1561 Words   |  7 Pagesare eating if there are labels on food packages. It would help them be more involved in what they eat. And with food labels they will be more educate know more about the facts on the nutrition label. In this book by Victoria Sherrow are a published author and an illustrator of children’s books and young adult books. Some of the published credits of Victoria Sherrow include Jonas Salk: Beyond the Microscope (Makers of Modern Science), about food safety (2008) it touches on an issues how importantRead MoreAdopting a Whole Foods Plant Based Diet to Combat Diabetes Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesof life. Once such approach available is adopting a diet primarily involving a whole food, plant based concept. This program, if followed cannot only prevent various diseases but may also hold the nutritional values to cure many diseases to include Type II Diabetes. There are many different avenue s that can be addressed. For these purposes, what the diet is and its benefits will be addressed and build a vivid image of whether or not a diet comprised of a whole food, plant based philosophy is

Theoretical Perspectives in Industrial Sociology †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Theoretical Perspectives in Industrial Sociology. Answer: Introduction There exist ample of differences between two countries in regards to varied factors such as the culture, the human resource management, the political scenarios, the ethicalities and many others like such. The differences do also affect the working practices of employees and the higher management. There are hundreds of countries across the globe where many countries differ to each other in the mentioned regards or many other factors like such. The differences can be accredited to the policies of the local government of the respective countries or the citizens who are living in such countries. Human resource management does also play a very important role in such differences. The differences are expected; however, it appears to be problematic because it makes thing challenging for people living across the different cultures. They find this problematic because they face challenge to communicate with the people from different cultures (Patrick Kumar, 2012). In this paper, it shows a comparison between the two countries India and Saudi Arabia in regards to different factors such as human resource management, infrastructure, local government policies, economic capability etc. The assignment progresses on the interview taken with a site head of a construction company based in India. The HOD has served the company for seven long years. Now, the HOD Mr. Rehab Kazim is working in a construction company Al Fouzan Trading General Construction Co. based in Saudi Arabia. It has been three years ever since the person has joined the company. Mr. Rehab Kazim used to supervise the proceedings at the sites. The HOD used to take care of a team of 100 members. The company where Mr. Kazim is working takes care of the building construction works. The HOD has also handled many popular projects in the country. Their customers were the clients looking for constructing the buildings across the Makkah. Mr. Rehab Kazim is a successful man who has vast experienc e behind him. The 7 years working experience in India and now in Saudi Arabia speak the volume of the experience. The vast experience of the HOD has attracted me towards him for knowing something about the two countries through an interview. Interestingly, I found him very cooperative as the HOD responded to my queries with sufficient information. The interview conducted with the site head at the construction company in Saudi Arabia did provide ample of information regarding the basic differences in the two countries. The main purpose of this assignment is to frame the discussion held with the site head at a construction company in Saudi Arabia into understandable information, so that, it could convey some interesting facts about the two countries. Comparison between India and Saudi Arabia There are significant differences in between India and Saudi Arabia. The countries differed not only in terms of population and the surface area but have also differed significantly in different factors such as HRM as confirmed by the site head who were interviewed at a construction company in Saudi Arabia. The answers to questions that were devised are as followed, the questions are attached in the appendix. In Saudi Arabia, they pay different pay scales to both the local and the international workers. However, in India, both the local and the international employees receive the same salary structure. Mr. Kazim said that there is a variation in salaries based on skill sets only. Apart from salary structure, there are differences in weekly off as well. Friday is a fixed off in the entire Saudi Arabia whereas Sunday is a fixed off in the entire public sector and the most part of the private sectors. Some sectors have a rotational format to offer the weekly offs, which mean that employees can avail their weekly off on any of their choice of day in a particular week. There is racial discrimination at the workplace in Saudi Arabia. The country prefers the Muslim employees in particular. The HOD has supplied the information with a very sad tone. He wondered what has made the difference. However, he proceeded by saying that in nowadays, there are few non-Muslim workers are also working (Fnais et al., 2013). The site head has supplied some useful information about both the countries. The information is helpful in understanding the behavioral differences in the customers of both the countries. India is a far big nation that the KSA. It is after China in terms of population. It has a significant mix up of different groups of customers such as Millennial, Baby Boomers and Boomers. In contrast to this fact, Saudi Arabia is vastly occupied with the youth audience. Furthermore, this means that the customers in the country are more educated than those in India. It does not at all mean that India does not have educated customers but it actually means that the percentage of such customers is more in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, most of the customers in the country have measurable approach towards any product or service. However, they are not expressive as the customers are in India. Mr. Rehab Kazim surprisingly said that they are bound with the Islamic rules and regulations, which compels them to use such thing only those are permissible under Islamic policies (Johnson Vriens, 2013). Corruption is one of the major issues in the ethical front that organizations face these days. These include bribing of the officials, forging of documents some of the companies are also being accused of having malpractices in the salary and remuneration system as well. Interview findings: According to the site head, people living in Saudi Arabia are more ethical than those in India. The head of the department has cited one very interesting reason for the fact, which is the adherence to the Islamic shariah. Muslims living in Saudi Arabia find this bad to go against the Islamic rules and regulations even if they desire something, which shariah does not permit. On the other hand, India is a secular country with no such effects of shariah on the Muslims living in the country. Additionally, India is a country of multiple religions that means every religion has their rights to practice their religion until and unless it does not hamper the sentiments of the common people (Azeem Akhtar, 2014). Politically, India is very unstable and unsupportive in certain instances. The opposition party tends to oppose any of the government projects. It never at all cares to analyze whether the propose project is advantageous. This is for such reasons many big projects are delayed here. Mr. Kazim was really upset with the facts that the political scenarios in India are really concerning. The site head also added that the same opposition once it steps down in the crown of the local government, it supports the same project that it once opposed. On the other hand, the political scenarios in Saudi Arabia are very different. This might be because of the fact that the country has one single king that heads the entire process. Every single thing is under the power of the king, which is why it is comparatively easier to plan and implement a project in the country (Brown, 2013). Both India and Saudi Arabia are economically developing countries; however, there are differences in the economy of both the country. The major contributor in the economy of KSA is the oil reservoir. It is the largest exporter of oil in the world. The GDP per capita of the country is far bigger than India. According to the site head, the power of one king has an influential role in the economy of the country; however, the political regime in India is headed by a complex hierarchy that significantly opposes the projects. This is one such factor that has kept on affecting the economy of the country. The recent demonetization has further affected it significantly. Mr. Kazim was really had deep concerns for the political circumstances in India as it has also affected the economy significantly (Bonne, 2013). Culturally, Saudi Arabia is very conservative in nature. They make friends at the workplace but they rarely take their friends to their home. It does not matter whether they are working together for the last 20 years. Interview findings: Mr. Rehab Kazim has expressed his desire as well by stating the fact that he is not enjoying his job here in this country because of few reasons. A conservative cultural circumstance in the country is tough for anybody who has spent a significant time of his or her career being in some other parts of world. However, the circumstances in India are entirely different. The different workforce at the different workplace such as at the construction sites or at the official premise they have a good bonding between them. They share good relationships with each other. They also visit each others home. In other words, the workplace in India is comparatively much social than in Saudi Arabia. The site head has admitted that the person felt this very comfortable while working in India. However, it is comparatively challenging to work in Saudi Arabia as people there are very reserved (Goldschmidt Jr Boum, 2015). Organizational behavior is an integral part of the daily operation of a business unit. Work culture, work environment heavily depends upon the job satisfaction of a person and his commitment towards the company. The site head when asked about the social atmosphere at the workplace, the person had confirmed that workplace in India is much friendly than it is in Saudi Arabia. Mr. Kazim is actually missing India as it can be observed in his emotions. There can be reasons behind the fact; however, people there in the KSA are very reserved with their matter. They make friendship but they rarely visits to one another home. The circumstances in India are majorly different as employees develop friendship atmosphere at the workplace and do also visit one anothers home (Al-Thani et al., 2014). India has improved its capability to invest in the infrastructure related growth during the five year span of 2008-12. India has really progressed in this five year span and has proved its potentiality in the infrastructure related growth. Mr. Kazim was comparatively more satisfied with the infrastructure in India as it looked from his way of answering to the question. Saudi Arabia needs to follow the footsteps of India in order to enhance its capability and improve the infrastructure. Nevertheless, an improved infrastructure would only support the flourishing growth in other than the oil industry (Alshahrani Alsadiq, 2014). Theoretical perspective would be really helpful to understand the teachings, which the interview has taught me. There are many theories such as theories of performance, which is helpful in understanding the importance of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. These four things are very important as far as a progressive workplace is concerned. This does not only improve the operational performance but it also betters the workplace environment, which is very important for keeping the employees intact with the organization for a significant time span. These four things emphasize on the importance of different factors such as the role of HRM, the infrastructure and the ethical considerations (Brown, 2013). The information that has been supplied during the interview has understandably covered the few important factors, which affect the experience of working in two different countries. The information has encouraged me more to work in India than in Saudi Arabia. The workplace in In dia is friendlier than in the KSA. Like other Millennial I also like such a workplace that is both educative and friendly. The workplace in Saudi Arabia is also educative; however, it is not as friendly as it is in India. Additionally, the opportunity to grow in India is much better than in Saudi Arabia. I personally feel that I would be happier to be in India as an improved infrastructure in the country would help me come across the different opportunities needed to enrich the skills to another level. The exploration is higher in the country, which would provide me ample of time to grow. The interview has also educated me on the different challenges and the opportunities, which would come across while working at the global platform. There are opportunities at the global platform such as it gives real chances to come across wider exploration opportunities. On the other hand, it also has ample of challenges such as the political scenario in the target country. Additionally, the human resource system might also be challenging such as for someone who has worked in Saudi Arabia and now willing to work in India. I find myself very excited for the opportunities that are there in some other parts of world. However, I am also worried for a fact that the workplace nature can be different at the target place. It may not be the same like where I have spent a significant time span. I also worry for other factors such as the nature of people there, the food culture in the target country, the local government policies etc. The interview has taught me many important lessons, which a ll were unknown facts to me before I interviewed the site head. Conclusion It is an interview report that focuses on the different factors in the two different countries India and Saudi Arabia. The paper has supplied some important information on the political, economic and many such factors of the two countries in comparison. The assignment has helped to understand that there are challenges as well as opportunities while working at the global platform. Different workplace at the different locations is different to each other in many respects such as the cultural, social and behavioral factors. Working at the global platform is full of challenges because of very basic reasons such as the HRM policies, workforce of different cultures and the nature of business operation. The interview conducted with the site head of one Construction Company in Saudi Arabia has taught me many important lessons. It taught me that I need to be more realistic while making the selection on the workplace location that interests me. References Alshahrani, M. S. A., Alsadiq, M. A. J. (2014).Economic growth and government spending in Saudi Arabia: An empirical investigation. International Monetary Fund. Al-Thani, H., El-Menyar, A., Abdelrahman, H., Zarour, A., Consunji, R., Peralta, R., ... Latifi, R. (2014). Workplace-related traumatic injuries: insights from a rapidly developing Middle Eastern country.Journal of environmental and public health,2014. Azeem, S. M., Akhtar, N. (2014). PERSONAL ETHICS AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AMONG DOCTORS IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA.International Journal of Academic Research,6(4). Bonne, A. (2013).State and Economics in the Middle East: With Special Refernce to Conditions in Western Asia India. Routledge. Brown, R. (2013).Understanding industrial organizations: Theoretical perspectives in industrial sociology. Routledge. Fnais, N., al-Nasser, M., Zamakhshary, M., Abuznadah, W., Al Dhukair, S., Saadeh, M., ... BinAhmedi, A. (2013). Prevalence of harassment and discrimination among residents in three training hospitals in Saudi Arabia.Annals of Saudi medicine,33(2), 134. Goldschmidt Jr, A., Boum, A. (2015).A concise history of the Middle East. Hachette UK. Johnson, T., Vriens, L. (2013). Islam: governing under Sharia.Council on Foreign Relations,9. Patrick, H. A., Kumar, V. R. (2012). Managing workplace diversity: Issues and challenges.Sage Open,2(2), 2158244012444615.

Financial Planning for the Client Case Study

Question: Describe about the Case Study for Financial Planning for the Client. Answer: Executive summary This report is related with the financial planning of the client- Mr Mitch and his wife Jill. Initially client profile will be stated which will include client details, goals and objectives and current financial situation. It will include comprehensive cash flow statement, detailed tax calculations, and a balance sheet based on the couples existing situation. Then Risk profile and investment strategy will be stated. For this purpose interview will be conducted so that risk profile can be created. Further investment recommendation will be stated which will determine one appropriate managed fund under each of the following 4 assets classes: Australian fixed interest; Australian property; Australian equity International equity. On the basis of that recommended strategies will be stated. Personal profile Client Details PERSONAL LIFE Relation Age Mitch Self 30 Jill Wife 28 Tessa Kid 6 Matthew Kid 3 School Age 10 School Cost 12000 Assets Type Value Home Joint 650000 Contents Joint 80000 Cars Joint 60000 Savings- Cash Mitch 12000 Savings- Shares * Mitch 25000 Superannuation Balance Mitch 20000 Superannuation Balance Jill 40000 TOTAL 887000 Liabilities Home Mortgage ** 420000 Car Loan*** 15000 Credit Card-Avg Monthly Bal 4000 TOTAL 439000 Savings- Shares * Shares Cost Price 30000 Purchase Year 2012 Home Mortgage ** Var Interest Rate 5.50% Monthly Repayment 3100 No of years 18 216 Car Loan *** Var Interest Rate 6.60% Monthly Repayment 302 No of years 5 60 Home Mortgage Car Loan Monthly Payment -3067 -294 Income per annum Salary 40000 Net profit from business 130000 Bank Interest 120 Fully Franked Dividends 500 170620 Payments Living Expenses 40000 Mortgage and Loan Repayments 40824 Private health insurance 3200 Professional Membership fees -Mitch 700 -Jill 800 Travel Expenses for work -Jill 400 Tax preparation (50/50) 2000 Donations (50/50) 1500 Holidays and entertainment 10000 99424 Superannuation Accounts Mitch -Net wealth superannuation account 20000 4 years -- invested in conservative option --includes death and TPD cover for 50000 Jill -Net wealth superannuation account 30000 -- invested in conservative option --includes death and TPD cover for 50000 - Legal Super Industry Super Fund 5000 --invested 20% in shares and 80% in cash - ABC Super Fund 5000 --invested 100% in cash (Mca.gov, 2016) Goals and Objectives The couple wants to reduce their debt obligations as soon as possible. Investments done must be revised so that tax liabilities can be reduced. They want the best way to create wealth for retirement planning, from now onwards. They want to rationalise their superannuation funds. To achieve a well- diversified portfolio within their superannuation investments based on their risk appetite. After 2 years, they want to fund a holiday for the family to America which will cost them $12,000. They want to plan an education fund to place Tessa in a private school, when she turns 11 years. Current financial position Cash flow statement COMPREHENSIVE CASHFLOW STATEMENT Income per annum Salary 40000 Net profit from business 130000 Bank Interest 120 Fully Franked Dividends 500 TOTAL INCOME 170620 Expenses Living Expenses 40000 Private health insurance 3200 Professional Membership fees -Mitch 700 -Jill 800 Travel Expenses for work -Jill 400 Tax preparation (50/50) 2000 Donations (50/50) 1500 Holidays and entertainment 10000 TOTAL EXPENSES 58600 EBIT(Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) 112020 Interest Expense 14491 PBT (Profit Before Taxes) 97529 Taxes applicable 62529 Net profit 35000 Total Repayments 26333 Cash Profit 8667 (Riskstrategies, 2016) Detailed tax calculations Earnings of Family 97529 Tax Limits Rate Fixed Charge Amt. Eligible Tax Applicable 18200 0% 0 18200 0 37000 19% 0 79329 15073 80000 32.50% 3752 60529 23424 180000 37% 17547 17529 24033 TOTAL 62529 (Ato.gov.au, 2016)(Ato.gov.au, 2016)(Exfin.com, 2016) Balance sheet Assets Type Value Fixed Assets Home Joint 650000 Contents Joint 80000 Cars Joint 60000 Net Fixed Assets total 790000 Current Assets Savings- Cash Mitch 20667 Cash Equivalents total 20667 Current Investments Superannuation Balance Mitch 20000 Superannuation Balance Jill 40000 Investments total 60000 TOTAL ASSETS 870667 Liabilities Home Mortgage ** 420000 Car Loan*** 15000 TOTAL LONG TERM LIABILITIES 435000 Current Liabilities Bad Debt- Shares 30000 Credit Card- Payables 48000 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIEs 78000 TOTAL LIABILITIES 513000 Share Capital/ Equity -Mitch 118833 -Jill 238833 TOTAL EQUITY 357667 TOTAL LIABILITIES EQUITY 870667 (free-management-ebooks, 2016) Risk profile and investment Strategy Purpose of risk profiling It is a process through which optimal level in the investment is evaluated. It is the methodology through which required risk and the capacity of the risk along with that tolerance of the risk is examined(riskprofiling, 2016). It helps in determining the right assets allocation so that proper return can be generated from that(Professionaladviser, 2016). In other words it can be said that it is used for the strategic deployment of the portfolios' resources(Hughes, 2016). Interview What is your name? Mitch What is your age? Age 35 years What is your willingness in terms of financial risk? According to the interview, respondent's willingness towards the financial risk is moderate in nature that is neither too high nor too less. Since respondent is having nuclear family which includes two children and wife, therefore he is not ready to take high risk. This question clearly states that willingness towards the financial risk is totally dependent upon the structure of the family and family members' earnings. In the given case, Michael is the only earning member of the family(Telstrasuper, 2016). In financial context what is risk? According to the respondents, risk is the combination of the opportunity and danger which is associated with the instrument of the portfolio. Risk is always associated with the portfolio. Whether market is too god or moderate risk will be there. Therefore it can be said that it is an indispensible part of the investment. After how many years you will withdraw invested funds from your portfolio? According to the interview, respondents would like to withdraw funds after 3-5 years. Can you define holding period for the long term investment? According to the interview, respondents had a belief that long term investment is for more than 3years. Then only desired return can be obtained from the long term investment(Moss, 2016). If the share of your portfolio goes down by 40% in a short period of time, then what will be up decision? According to the response of the respondents, he would like to sell portion of the investment in the market. Portion which is sold out will be invested in other investment which has high return. Portion of the investment will be invested in that source which has stable return. Respondents will not buy more investment because it may be very risky. Holding of the investment is not advisable because in case share goes down by some more percentage then investor has to face huge loss. Would you like to invest in an investment which has no value fluctuation, although it might generate low return? In the interview it was asked form the respondent that in what type of investment he would like to invests. Respondent strongly agrees to the given statement according to which he would like to invest in that investment which has no value fluctuation, although it might generate low return. Couples overall risk profile According to survey sheet filled by Mr. Mitch and his wife Jill, the client is young, has family with two children and a home. The couple is young and earning with 2 children. The current and future income sources from salary, pensions and other investments of the clients are stable and fairly secure. They have mortgage and also have to cover the childcare costs and small cash balance balances. The client is not entirely familiar with the investment matters. They have a little knowledge of share market and the other investments areas. The client has been into investment for not a very long time which is 3 years only. The investment does not include money spent in buying home and deposits in bank. In the current situation of client, they do need to access the money invested in the 3 to 5 years as they do not see any current emergency arriving. They will access money when their children will start going to the private schools. Apart from the investment, client has already plans to meet short term cash flows and in case of emergency. So the client is planning to keep the money for approximately 3 to 5 years. Mitch and Jill are also interested in tax savings. They understand the fact that some investments will help in tax savings but the benefit of saving the taxes will come with some risk. The couple is ready to take some variability in risk which also includes tax savings. The couple was asked a hypothetical question about the investment that if the client invested $100,000 and due to some bad market conditions, the portfolio drops to $85,000 in a short period, then what will the client would do. The client decided that they will sell a portion of the portfolio to cut the losses and reinvest into more secure investment sectors. Also if the portfolio further falls in the next 12 months, then the client is willing to hold the investments and sell nothing, expect the market conditions to get better or improve. Hence it can be said that risk portfolio of the client i s risk averse in nature. This shows that the client is willing to take the risk but not high risks which may or may not involve the good returns. The client is willing to have a balanced portfolio with spread of investments. They are willing to take the risk of negative return in 1 out of 7 years. This means the client is the balanced investor and has some understanding about the investment market behaviour. The client prefers balance between capital growth and capital security. They are prepared to bear short term risk in order to have long term capital growth. Investment Recommendations Based on clients risk appetite, they have several investment opportunities. As per their objectives of long- term savings for childrens education, they can invest in equity- linked securities. This will give them long- term capital appreciation. Besides that, they want to save their tax payments. So, for that they can go for debt instruments which will help in tax saving. Following investments are proposed for the client in particular. Australian fixed interest Mitch should go for Legg Mason Western asset Aus Bd A. It will provide fixed rate of income to the investor. This fixed interest rate instrument has been selected because its growth rate is constantly increasing from 2011 onwards. Income generated over the five years investment is 5.86%(Netwealth, 2016). Growth percentage is 1.12%. Index percentage is 6.54 and category percentage is 5.64. Credit quality of this bond is moderate medium. Standard deviation of the fund is 2.32. Sharpe ratio is 1.67. Beta and alpha of the stock are 0.94 and 0.41 respectively. Average weighted price is 112.31. Minimum initial investment is $30000. Minimum additional investment is $ 5000. Minimum withdrawal is 0 %. Thus it will ensure the stability of the principal and the interest income(Morningstar, 2016). Australian property In this category investor should go for Black rocked Indexed Aus listed property. It is one of the most popular investments because investor is having full control over the investment(Anz.co.nz, 2016). Several tax benefits are attached with this investment. It is regarded as a tangible investment. Income generated over the five years investment is 5.30%. Growth percentage is 14.71%. Index percentage is 20.85 and category percentage is 19.18. Credit quality of this equity is large growth. This grows faster as compared to the share market. Standard deviation of the fund is 11.18. Sharpe ratio is 1.55. Beta and alpha of the stock are 1 and 0.01 respectively. Minimum initial investment is $500000. Minimum additional investment is NAv. Minimum withdrawal is NAv. Switching is allowed and the distribution frequency is on quarterly basis.(Morningstar , 2016) Australian equity In this category, investor should go for Bennelong Concentrated Australian Eq. Equity is related with the long term investment. It assures high return but it is related with the high risk. Accumulation index return of this is very constant i.e. 1.25%. Quarterly return of the stock is 3.73%. Income generated over the five years investment is 11.52%. Growth percentage is 4.65%. Index percentage is 9.60% and category percentage is 9.35%. Credit quality of this equity is large growth. This grows faster as compared to the share market. Standard deviation of the fund is 13.55. Sharpe ratio is 1.78. Beta and alpha of the stock are 0.92 and 10.29 respectively. Minimum initial investment is $10000. Minimum additional investment is $1000. Minimum withdrawal is $5000. Switching is allowed and the distribution frequency is on semiannual basis. Annual ICR of the bond is 1.09%(Morningstar, 2016). International equity In this category investor should go for Maple-Brown Abbott Global Listed Infras. Investor should go for international equity because it provides diversified opportunities and reduce risk at optimal level. It provides liquidity and flexibility to the investor. It is one of the best ways to assume the risk of investing in equity linked investments. One will be able to expose to huge risk, ensuring good returns while having a diversified portfolio.Income generated over the three years investment is 6.59%. Growth percentage is 11.18%. Index percentage is 12.32% and category percentage is 13.28%. Credit quality of this equity is medium growth. This grows faster as compared to the share market. Standard deviation of the fund is 8.78. Sharpe ratio is 1.74. Beta and alpha of the stock are 0.58 and 9.78 respectively. Minimum initial investment is $20000. Minimum additional investment is $5000. Minimum withdrawal is $0. Switching is not allowed and the distribution frequency is on quarterly ba sis. Annual ICR of the bond is 0.98%(Morningstar , 2016). Recommended Strategies First of all Mitch should identify the risk. This will help in describing and recognising the amount of risk that will affect the project's outcome. In this investor should broadly identify its objectives and goals(continuingprofessionaldevelopment.org, 2016). Earnings of Family 97529 Tax Limits Rate Fixed Charge Amt. Eligible Tax Applicable 18200 0% 0 18200 0 37000 19% 0 79329 15073 80000 32.50% 3752 60529 23424 180000 37% 17547 17529 24033 TOTAL 62529 After identifying the risk Mitch should analyse the risk deeply. This will helps in determining the likelihood as well as the consequences of the each risk(litten, 2016). It will help in gaining knowledge relating to the nature of the risk. It will examine that how particular risk can affect goals and objectives of an individual. This information will be useful in describing and building portfolio of the client(CTB, 2016). Home Mortgage 420000 No of years 18 Annual repayment 23333 Interest Rate 5.50% Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Opening Mortgage Amount 0 396667 373333 350000 326667 303333 280000 Additions 420000 0 0 0 0 0 0 Repayment 23333 23333 23333 23333 23333 23333 23333 Closing Mortgage Amount 396667 373333 350000 326667 303333 280000 256667 Interest cost applicable 10908 21175 19892 18608 17325 16042 14758 Total payable 34242 44508 43225 41942 40658 39375 38092 Total paid 37200 37200 37200 37200 37200 37200 37200 Interest Cost paid 13867 13867 13867 13867 13867 13867 13867 Evaluate the risk; this will help in identifying the magnitude of risk. Consequence as well the likelihood will be evaluated through this. Though this investor can make decision that whether risk is tolerable or it has to be transferred or mitigated. This will help in knowing the volume of the risk and its consequences. Car 15000 No of years 5 Annual repayment 3000 Interest Rate 6.60% Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Opening Loan 0 12000 9000 6000 3000 Additions 15000 0 0 0 0 Repayment 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Closing Loan 12000 9000 6000 3000 0 Interest cost applicable 396 578 413 248 83 Total payable 3396 3578 3413 3248 3083 Total paid 3624 3624 3624 3624 3624 Interest Cost paid 624 624 624 624 624 Treat the risk, last but not the least investor should treat the risk. In this investor should plan the response planning relating to the risk. Selling car: The couple has taken two long- term borrowings- one for the house worth $420,000 for 18 years; and the other is for 2 cars worth $15,000 for 5 years. The family consists of 4 people only. They can adjust with a single car as well. After all, they are incurring transport expenses for work purposes, having two cars. So, even if they sell a car they can adjust conveniently. This will help in reducing the interest obligations to a great extent. First of all, $302 which they are paying as interest on car loan will vanish. Besides that, the amount they retrieve from the sale of a car can be used to repay a part of house loan. So, they can save interest payments here as well. Monitor the risk: in this investor would assess the investment strategy. It will help in identifying the impact of different strategies on the portfolio of the client. For the given case Mitch's main aim was to mitigate the tax implication. If above stated strategies are followed by the Mitch then its revised earning of the family will be 50000 instead of 97529 and tax implication will be as follows: Revised earnings 50000 Tax Limits Rate Fixed Charge Amt. Eligible Tax Applicable 18200 0% 0 18200 0 37000 19% 0 31800 6042 TOTAL 6042 Hence it can be said that tax impact has reduced from 62529 to 6042, through recommended strategies. Bibliography co.nz. (2016). The benefits of property investment. Retrieved 2016, from The benefits of property investment: https://www.anz.co.nz/personal/home-loans-mortgages/property-investment/investment-benefits/ gov.au. (2016). Individual income tax rates. Retrieved 2016, from Individual income tax rates: https://www.ato.gov.au/rates/individual-income-tax-rates/ gov.au. (2016). Tax tables. Retrieved 2016, from Tax tables: https://www.ato.gov.au/Rates/Tax-tables/ org. (2016). What are the 5 Risk Management Steps in a Sound Risk Management Process? Retrieved 2016, from https://continuingprofessionaldevelopment.org/risk-management-steps-in-risk-management-process/ (2016). Identifying Strategies and Tactics for Reducing Risks. com. (2016). Current Australian IncomeTax rates. Retrieved 2016, from Current Australian IncomeTax rates: https://www.exfin.com/australian-tax-rates free-management-ebooks. (2016). Reading a balance sheet . Hughes, E. A. (2016). What are the pros and cons of risk profiling tools. litten, D. (2016). Risk Management Strategy. gov. (2016). Identifying Strategies and Tactics for Reducing Risks. Morningstar . (2016). BlackRock Indexed Aus Listed Property. Morningstar . (2016). Maple-Brown Abbott Global Listed Infras. (2016). Bennelong Concentrated Australian Eq. (2016). Legg Mason Western Asset Aus Bd A. Moss, B. (2016). The importance of risk profiling. (2016). Managed funds . Retrieved 2016, from Managed funds : https://www.netwealth.com.au/nw/fund/CompareFundsAndModels/ManagedFunds (2016). The importance of risk profiling. Retrieved 2016, from The importance of risk profiling: https://www.professionaladviser.com/professional-adviser/feature/1741045/importance-risk-profiling (2016). What is Risk Profiling? Retrieved 2016, from What is Risk Profiling?: https://riskprofiling.com/riskprofiling/what-is-risk-profiling (2016). Risk strategies . (2016). investor Risk Quesionnaire .

Is the GED Essay Sample Popular?

Is the GED Essay Sample Popular?If you are looking for ged essay samples, there are many out there. However, the one that is the most popular is the GEB Essay Sample.The GED exam is designed for middle school students. It is an exam that is given once every four years. GED stands for General Education Board Test and as we all know, getting a high school diploma is considered the key to a good job, a good career, and a good life.In order to pass the GED exam, a student must be able to write essays. This means that they have to be able to learn about education and how it works and at the same time it has to look good when it is submitted to a college or university. Therefore, one of the ways that you can do this is by using the GED essay samples.How does the GED Essay Sample work? Well, to start with, the writing sample includes various essays from different students. Every writing sample is written with the help of a GED essay writer who has the knowledge about writing and about the G ED essays. By having the help of the writer, you will know how to create a real writing sample.The benefit is that you will not have to worry about whether one is good or not. You will not have to worry about which one to choose because there are many GED Essay Samples available. All you have to do is get a copy of the one that suits your taste and find the best one for yourself. Not only that, the writer will also help you with the style and content that you will need in order to write the essay.Also, by getting the GED essay samples, you will be able to get the right kind of guidance on how to write the essay. You will be able to see how the writing samples look like and what will the title of the essay be. So, even if you do not like the material that you are given, you will still be able to use it. You will not have to worry that you will not get the best material because there is GED Essay Samples that suits all the students' tastes.The GED essay samples are mostly provided onl ine. In this case, you can get to see a sample of the essay you would have to write. Besides, if you would rather write the sample on your own, there are many online GED sample writing services.Moreover, it is good to take some time out to read the sample first. This way, you will know what to write and how to write it. Once you do this, you will know the best way to go about the writing of the essay.

The Benefits and Disadvantages of Free Trade

Overview The World Trade Organization is the sole global body that deals with fairness in trade among nations. It designs rules to ensure that large economies and small economies are at par in economic growth. However, its policies and propositions are not popular with most nations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits and Disadvantages of Free Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its aims are to facilitate demand and supply by ensuring that producers of goods and services find a way to export their products and those that do not produce find a way to import what they need. Through its membership, World Trade Organization facilitates two major world forums. The Doha Development Agenda is a trade negotiations forum. It is designed to achieve groundbreaking reforms in the manner in which world economies conduct their trade. The forum’s agenda is to inject revised rules and to improve the internatio nal trade system through systematic introduction of minimal trade restrictions. It was officially launched in Qatar in 2001. Ministers of respective countries tasked with commerce, trade, and sometimes finance attend the forum. Each minister goes to the table to air their countries’ views. The Doha development agenda covers around 20 critical areas of world economy, which include agriculture, services, imports, exports, intellectual property, among others. World Trade Organization’s advocacy for free global trade has not been popular with majority of the nations. Although free trade has many benefits as opposed to closed trade, many countries perceive free trade negatively and bring down any attempts at making the world economy free of national and regional barriers. For example, in 2003 during the talks that were held in Caucun Mexico, the world witnessed massive protests. This was the third ministerial meeting with the same agenda: trying to break the deadlock that h ad been experienced in the last two sittings since the first round in Qatar. The second major forum facilitated by World Trade Organization is the World Trade Forum. This forum seeks common ground on how countries can work together in tackling common global problems that go beyond the need for economic integration. This includes the need for development in major areas such as education. Major economies and their leaders normally attend it.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They review goals and targets such as millennium development goals. This forum is generalist compared to the Doha round of negotiations. However, it is important to note that they both champion for a more developed world, which caters for the need of everyone. The following principles guide WTO. Principle of Non-Discrimination: It requires a WTO member to apply similar trade conditions while transacting with all WTO members. It simply implies that the WTO members should treat other in a favorable manner. In addition, if a favor is extended to one member of the WTO in a certain transaction, similar treatment should happen to any other WTO member in case of a similar transaction. Reciprocity: This principle advocates for nations to do mutual things to each other. For example, reduction of transaction tariffs should be mutual and equal in measure. Markets should be freer on both sides of the spectrum. Barriers restricting such trade should effectively come down to enable more trading for mutual growth and benefits. Predictability: World Trade Organization proposes that any agreements arrived at should be binding and long-term. Any member should not decide arbitrarily to change any terms or conditions. This gives confidence to members, investors, governments and any other stakeholders. It is a good ingredient to promoting healthier relations and growing economies. The subjects that tou ch on this principle include market-opening commitments, tariff rates, and trade barriers. Beneficial to Less Developed Countries: This is a critical principle. However, in recent times and in the past many developed countries have misused this principle. It proposes that underdeveloped countries should enjoy special privileges when dealing with economically strong economies. This will enable them to enjoy greater visibility and flexibility in the marketplace. At the start of the supposed agreement, it helps these economies to adjust to the current economic environment. Adjustments include sensitization of its citizens and structural changes, which may be much easier for the big economies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits and Disadvantages of Free Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Competitive and Fair: The WTO strongly advises that a fair and level playing field should exist for all nations. Eve ry country should fairly compete and universal human standards upheld. It discourages unorthodox practices such as arbitrary dumping of obsolete products to third world countries. This practice common among the developed countries is inhumane and self-seeking. It also goes against United Nations Charter. Others include unfair export subsidies and cheap products development to gain market share. If free trade is beneficial to nations, why does it face such hostility? Why is it that since its formulation in 2001, Doha round of negotiations did not record any milestones until 2011? Does it mean that since the major economies had been experiencing massive growth in their economies before 2011, they did not find it necessary to include other nations in their trade? These pertinent questions depict large economies as greedy. They also point out the greatest lacuna in these talks where majority of the nations with the vote are large economies that want to shelve the interests of others. Th is paper will analyze the benefits and disadvantages of free trade and look into the reasons why efforts geared towards this are hampered. Additionally, this paper will critically analyze the state of the global economy and reasons for the current state in light of existence of an idealistic free trade among nations. State of the Global Economy Since the World War 2, political disintegration has been on the rise. There is currently more than three times the number of independent countries than there were at the end of the war. Political disintegration has sometimes been credited with innovation as countries strive to come up with ways to fund budgets, increase security, and be relevant to its citizens. Consequentially, political disintegration has led to economic disintegration. Although some economists argue that this leads to innovation in respective countries, as noted above, majority are of the opinion that integration of fiscal, economic, and monetary policies that are geared t owards the benefit of all nations have far-reaching benefits than the former.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The global economy can be classified as irregular clusters of self-seeking political and economic integrations, which offer minimal, if any, benefits to the less performing economies. The political and economic integration of Euro Zone is a perfect example. These countries have curtailed sovereign fiscal policymaking and delegated that to the European Union. In future, this was expected to continue until the recent Euro Zone crisis that was brought about by reckless borrowing by some members. There is minimal economic integration world over since most large economies are interested in vesting their interests at the expense of smaller economies. This brings a wedge of sharp mistrust and spawns half-baked integration with minimal benefits. Examples of treaties that may not be effective include NAFTA, COMESA, EAC, among others. The fact that countries can easily pull out of these economic bodies reduces their credibility and waters down their efforts. Hence, the world economy is closel y guarded with minimal freedom to conduct trade. Additionally, there is minimal fairness in the game with countries that can produce goods cheaply illegally exporting these products to countries that produce them at a higher cost. This essentially kills trade. Since the financial crisis started in the United States and quickly spread in other nations, many countries have restrained their need to import in an effort to appear to support their ailing economies. This was particularly informed by falling employment levels in many countries. Many lobbyists would criticize government if it imported any goods or services that could be produced locally. This forestalled growth in free trade and countries continue to be wary. For example, in South Wales, when the government imported police uniforms and firefighters gears from an Australian firm, there was mass ridicule from lobbyists and citizens. This has been the case in United States, Europe and a host of other countries. Hence, these eff orts to concentrate on growing national economies and protecting them have led to the traditional artificial barriers that restrict free trade. Advantages of Free Trade Free trade may not be a fair trade but it has many benefits. Governments erect restrictions that restrict movement of goods and services between countries. Governments do this through use of subsidies and tariffs to hamper free trade. Normally, this is aimed at protecting domestic production from international competition. However, free trade has its benefits. First, it allows countries to specialize in production of goods and services that they have comparative advantage. This specialization brings about efficiency, economies of scale, and increases output, which results in increased production. Second, free trade leads to an increase in productivity and a higher domestic output by increasing efficiency of resource allocation. In addition, it increases competition, which leads to innovative ways of distribution, mar keting, and technology. Third, the increased competition allows goods and services to trade at the lowest costs and gives producers reason to produce quality. Hence, customers experience quality. It also allows customers to have a variety of goods and services. Fourth, free trade results in foreign exchange gains associated with the exchange of hard currency. This exchange allows the domestic country to pay for imports without having to exchange the money, which can be costly at times. Lastly, introduction of free trade generates employment to the domestic population. This is because it allows economic resources to be shifted to the more productive areas of the economy, which leads to more demand for exports. The resultant effect of free trade is economic growth and development. Higher incomes and higher growth rate in economy increases living standards of citizens. Domestic industries increase production levels and enhance efficiency in productivity. Disadvantages of Free Trade Alt hough there are many advantages, many disadvantages are put forth by conservative governments, lobby groups, and some economists to scuttle the efforts towards a free trade. First, free trade creates a domestic dependence on global markets. This creates a domestic economic instability associated with inability to control majority of the markets and prevailing forces such as demand, wars, and recessions. Second, the global market does not offer a level playing field. A country may produce a certain commodity cheaply at a surplus and, to avoid losses, dump it in a country that produced the same commodity at a higher cost. Many countries find it hard to compete when such conditions prevail. Additionally, the nature of goods a country produces may not auger well in trying to find a favorable balance of trade. For example, countries that produce agricultural related commodities experience unfavorable terms of trade. This results in lower export income and subsequently a large national de bt. Third, it is in the interest of nations to protect their upcoming industries. This may not be possible if they are constantly facing competition from already established firms. Hence, developing economies may find it more conducive to close trade and allow growth of its industries. Lastly, there are other disadvantages such as protection from environmental pollution by external firms and protection from a possibility of structural unemployment. Tradeoffs of Integration Introductory Case The European Union is the single biggest economic and political integration since the Soviet Union. Europe had embraced industrial revolution and there was high industrial development across the region prior to the World War II. The war brought the economy of Europe into waste, with many of its industries destroyed. During the period of 1945-1990, many of the countries in Eastern Europe fell into the communist hands of the USSR. United States came in sought to help save the European economy under the Marshall plan; it aided the western part of Europe and helped in building the economy. By the 1980s the communist nations were rapidly falling while the economies of Western European countries were increasingly gaining power, this is attributable to the support of the USA. With the help of America, many of the western nations moved to link together through economic integration. They formed the European Union that increased trade among them through shared infrastructure. They agreed on a common currency (the euro) and made trade agreements that set their economies on the path to recovery. This was unlike the Soviet Union, which had wanted to continue scuttling efforts of recovery in Europe to its advantage. Britain had been weakened by the Second World War hence it could no longer support countries in Europe like Greece and Turkey. It thus sought the intervention of the United States. The united states were strongly opposed to communism and to avoid European economies from falli ng in the hands of the soviet union they provided financial aid and also played a major role in stabilizing the civil wars at the time. America’s intervention through the Truman doctrine saved the nations from soviet communisms in effect saving Europe from foreign policy failures and military humiliation. America believed that once a country falls into communism it would also weaken the neighbors as there would be minimum interaction due to diverging trade systems. Their support was evident when the Soviet Union pressured Turkey over the Dardanelles Strait concessions that would have allowed invasion from the west, through enunciation of the Truman policy. USA helped Berlin with supplies and food when Stalin attempted to barricade West Berlin in a bid to take control. This enabled Europe to maintain control of its cities from the Soviet Union. Were it not for the vast amount of aid America gave to Europe, European economies would have fallen further with the Soviet Union inva sion during the cold war. Tradeoffs of Integration There are two types of integration: economic and political integration. The above case highlights the tricky nature of political and economic integration especially when carried out at the same time. The European Union is a classic case of economic integration with a measured political integration. For example, it is possible to travel from some countries to others without a visa and it is a legal requirement is some countries within the euro zone. Economic integration is a major challenge to the national fiscal policies, the existence of some economies without straining and the entry of new members in the euro zone. These challenges are highlighted below. Social and Political Challenges A close look at Portugal and Spain who were late entrants into the European Union depicts profound developments in those two countries. Since entering euro zone, Spain has recorded a favorable economic climate highlighted by increased trade within E urope, access to European budget, and favorable infrastructure. However, many pundits believe that the inclusion of Spain and Portugal was not purely for economic reasons. The European community strives to ensure that they have a functioning democratic union, with a common military purpose and a common defensive approach. Some economists argue that there cannot be a functioning economic integration without a political integration of some kind. This is because many economic policies are spawned from political decisions. Hence, it follows that many Euro Zone countries do not have the political free will to make decisions as others may have. The attached cartoon depicts a situation where a policymaker is considering two extreme options. The government of Greece had been borrowing money from the European Union members and from its citizens to fund expenditure budgets. It reached a point where the government was unable to meet its obligations and this resulted in a budget and debt crisis . The options were quite limited for the Greece government. This is because they were not allowed to make hard financial decisions independently. Hence, the extreme options were to pull out of the Euro Zone and renege on debt payments to Germany and other big lenders or to abide by the demand from Euro Zone members to cut budgetary spending in exchange for a bailout agreement. The bailout agreement, too, had many obligations. This includes the need to curtail government spending. This means the government will have to cut loose a massive working population from its structure. The other option will be to tax the Greek nationals more to meet the required budgetary requirements. If Greece were independent from Euro Zone, the options would have been limitless. For example, the country’s central bank would have devalued the country’s currency. This would have facilitated more foreign investments and shored up the balance of exchange. Additionally, more money in circulation would have increased peoples spending and hence spurred economic growth. However, all these fiscal decisions are tied to the Euro Zone fiscal structure. It is imperative to note that Greece was considering pulling out of euro zone. This meant that it would treat Euro Zone members as any other country outside euro zone. The reason this was an attractive way out is the short-term benefits. For example, the country would immediately cease from having to consider Euro Zone members in its imports before going for any other option. Hence, the country would import essential commodities cheaply from countries in Asia, Africa, and Americas. Additionally, the country’s fiscal policies would be independent of any rules and regulations. However, Greece would face trade barriers from even the closest neighbor and its exports would face a major lag. Hence, it would be hard to continue exporting goods to immediate neighbors. Additionally, it would be hard for Greece to be reaccepted into eu ro zone. The other countries will build a lasting mistrust in Greece. All these would have political, social, and economic consequences on Greece. Legal Consequences A country that enters into an economic integration has to abide by the rules of the integration. In the case of euro zone, all countries are required to align their agricultural, economic, and industrial legislation with the requirements laid down. Additionally, financial policies of a country must be in line with the European community. It is also mandatory to have certain taxation regimes and to have certain tariffs and subsidies. Additionally, a country aligns its budgetary requirements with those of other countries in the euro zone. A country is also restricted from conducting business with another country if it can conduct that business with a country in the European community. All these are legal consequences that come with integration elsewhere. One of the reasons why trade integration treaties do not work is bec ause most countries do not take the integration seriously. In addition, the structures in place to ensure that these rules are adhered to watered down by the fact that a country has the free will to pull out at any time. Poor Members Poor members are one of the major reasons why economic integration is hard. Poor members feel like they are alienated and are not enjoying similar benefits as the rest. This had threatened the very existence of Euro Zone in the 1980s. These disparities include par capita income, infrastructure developments, education levels, productivity, and employment. All these led to trade imbalances and hence poor countries were feeling the brunt. Efforts were made to harmonize this and some years later a fund specifically designed to address these problems was set up. These structural policies systematically advocated introduction of new provisions that would make social and economic cohesions a common goal. Most integration treaties do not go to that extent. This means that in the end, most poor countries that are hungry for domestic development pull out. Eventually, the ability of the integration to continue working is severely scuttled. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is evident that a country that enters into an agreement with other countries significantly reduces its sovereignty. Depending on the nature and level of integration, a country may also enjoy a number of benefits. Hence, a country trades off by weighing the option of giving up certain privileges to gain some advantages. The treaty has to be formed with good intentions. Failure to do that may result in its immediate crumble. For example, an effort should be made to ensure there is fairness that caters for the poor countries so that all enjoy fruits of integration. This essay on The Benefits and Disadvantages of Free Trade was written and submitted by user 3-D Man to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.